Magnitude conversion problem for the Turkish earthquake data, Nat

Abstract Earthquake catalogues which form the main input in seismic hazard analysis generally report earthquake magnitudes in different scales. Magnitudes reported in different scales have to be converted to a common scale while compiling a seismic data base to be utilized in seismic hazard analysis. This study aims at developing empirical relationships to convert earthquake magnitudes reported in different scales, namely, surface wave magnitude, M S , local magnitude, M L , body wave magnitude, m b and duration magnitude, M d , to the moment magnitude (M w ). For this purpose, an earthquake data catalogue is compiled from domestic and international data bases for the earthquakes occurred in Turkey. The earthquake reporting differences of various data sources are assessed. Conversion relationships are established between the same earthquake magnitude scale of different data sources and different earthquake magnitude scales. Appropriate statistical methods are employed iteratively, considering the random errors both in the independent and dependent variables. The results are found to be sensitive to the choice of the analysis methods

A Probabilistic Study of Safety and Design of Earth Slopes

216 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1973.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Reliability of lifeline networks with multiple sources under seismic hazard

Lifelines are networks extending spatially over large areas. Transportation systems, pipelines, communication and power transmission systems are examples of lifelines. The performance of a lifeline after a major earthquake is particularly vital for a community because of the emergency services that are usually required after such events. Performance measures are usually expressed in terms of quantities that are assessed based on statistical and probabilistic methodologies. The major performance measure is the probability of reaching from a specified point to another one successfully after a catastrophic event, such as an earthquake. Evaluation of this performance measure requires a seismic hazard methodology, capacity determination techniques and network reliability assessment methods. By combining these three aspects in one model, it is possible to calculate the reliability of any lifeline system under seismic danger. The aim of this paper is to present a probabilistic model for the evaluation of the seismic reliability of lifeline networks having multiple sources. The seismic reliability of a water distribution system located in Bursa, Turkey is assessed in order to show the implementation of the proposed model. The numerical calculations are carried out by the LIFEPACK software, which is developed for this purpose

Reliability of Lifeline Networks under Seismic Hazard

Lifelines, such as pipelines, transportation, communication and power transmission systems, are networks which extend spatially over large geographical regions. The quantification of the reliability (survival probability) of a lifeline under seismic threat requires attention, as the proper functioning of these systems during or after a destructive earthquake is vital. Ln this study, a lifeline is idealized as an equivalent network with the capacity of its elements being random and spatially correlated and a comprehensive probabilistic model for the assessment of the reliability of lifelines under earthquake loads is developed. The seismic hazard that the network is exposed to is described by a probability distribution derived by using the past earthquake occurrence data. The seismic hazard analysis is based on the ''classical'' seismic hazard analysis model with some modifications. An efficient algorithm developed by Yoo and Deo (Yoo YB, Deo N. A comparison of algorithms for terminal pair reliability. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 1988; 37: 210-215) is utilized for the evaluation of the network reliability. This algorithm eliminates the CPU time and memory capacity problems for large networks. A comprehensive computer program, called LIFEPACK is coded in Fortran language in order to carry out the numerical computations. Two detailed case studies are presented to show the implementation of the proposed model

Modelling Spatial Correlation for the Evaluation of Network System Reliability

Lifeline network systems extend spatially over large geographical regions. Such network systems are composed of interconnected components most of which can be idealized as long segments. Correlation resulting from similar material, construction procedure, soil conditions as well as external loading due to the same environmental factors should be taken into consideration and be quantified. In this respect the spatial correlation proportional to the distance between components should be taken into consideration. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the system reliability of networks subjected to environmental loads (e.g. earthquakes) by concentrating especially on the modelling and quantification of spatial correlation in a format suitable for the implementation in the evaluation of network reliability. For this purpose the main concepts of the random field theory will be applied and the scale of fluctuation will be utilized as a measure of spatial correlation. A case study based on real life data will be presented in order to illustrate the implementation of the methods developed in the paper

Seismic vulnerability assessment using regional empirical data

This article presents a procedure developed for the seismic performance assessment of low- to mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings in Turkey. The past performance of reinforced concrete buildings during major earthquakes have been compiled and analysed comprehensively using statistical procedures in order to study the empirical correlation between the significant damage inducing parameters and the observed damage. A damage database of nearly 500 representative buildings experiencing the 1999 Kocaeli and Dilzcc earthquakes have been used and discriminant functions expressing damage score in terms of six damage inducing parameters have been developed. In order to extrapolate the procedure to other regions that are likely to be subjected to major earthquakes a new approach that takes into account different local soil conditions, site-to-source distance and the magnitude of the earthquake has been introduced. The procedure has been applied to a pilot area in Istanbul to estimate expected damage distribution under a credible scenario earthquake. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd