Патогенетические факторы, ассоциирующиеся с формированием острого абдоминального болевого синдрома собак при гастроэнтерите

Intercorrelative relationships between various clinical and laboratory parameters in dogs with acute gastroenteritis were studied. In dogs with acute alimentary gastroenteritis (n = 31), pain rating scale score significantly (p 0.05) correlated with pulse rate (r = 0.58), respiratory rate (r = 0.50), hematocrit (r = 0.47), ESR (r = 0.72), number of erythrocytes (r = 0.50) and leukocytes (r = 0.77), concentration of albumins (r = -0.52), globulins (r = 0.59), 1-globulins (r = 0.49), 2-globulins (r = 0.42), -globulins (r = -0.36), -globulins (r = 0.59), C-reactive protein (r = 0.82), serum activity of ALT (r = 0.70), AST (r = 0.39), -amylase (r = 0.38), alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.83) and serum concentration of creatinine (r = 0.42), tumor necrosis factor- (r = 0.82), interleukin-4 (r = 0.92), interleukin-6 (r = 0.92), interferon- (r = 0.91), interleukin-1 (r = 0.85), interleukin-8 (r = 0.91). The following changes were noted in the body of dogs with acute gastroenteritis: local and systemic immune-inflammatory response activated, pain, intoxication, dehydration syndrome, disorders of motor, secretory, absorption, excretory function of gastrointestinal tract formed, secondary hepatopathy and pancreatopathy developed. In dogs with acute gastroenteritis, there were also statistically significant (p 0.05) correlations between the number of erythrocytes and hematocrit (r = 0.65), MCHC (r = 0.32), ESR (r = 0.35), hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.73) and leukocyte count (r = 0.35); between MCV and hematocrit (r = 0.62), MCHC (r = -0.64); between MCV and MCHC (r = -0.64); MCH and MCHC (r = 0.40); ESR and leukocyte count (r = 0.53). Changes in intercorrelative relationships between clinical and laboratory parameters in dogs with acute gastroenteritis can be considered as predictors of severity of the pathological process.Исследовались интеркореллятивные связи между разнообразными клиническими и лабораторными показателями у собак, больных острым гастроэнтеритом. Показатель шкалы оценки боли достоверно (р ≤ 0,05) коррелировал с частотой пульса (r = 0,58), частотой дыхания (r  =  0,50), гематокритом (r = 0,47), СОЭ (r = 0,72), количеством эритроцитов (r = 0,50) и лейкоцитов (r = 0,77), концентрацией альбуминов в сыворотке крови (r = –0,52), глобулинов (r = 0,59), α1‑глобулинов (r = 0,49), α2‑глобулинов (r = 0,42), β-глобулинов (r = –0,36), γ-глобулинов (r = 0,59), С-реактивного белка (r = 0,82), сывороточной активностью аланиновой (r = 0,70) и аспарагиновой аминотрасфераз (r = 0,39), α-амилазы (r = 0,38), щелочной фосфатазы (r = 0,83) и сывороточной концентрацией креатинина (r = 0,42), фактора некроза опухоли-α (r = 0,82), интерлейкина‑4 (r = 0,92), интерлейкина‑6 (r = 0,92), интерферона-γ (r = 0,91), интерлейкина‑1α (r = 0,85), интерлейкина‑8 (r = 0,91). В организме собак, больных острым гастроэнтеритом, происходит активизация локальной и системной иммуновоспалительной реакции организма, возникает болевой, интоксикационный, дегидратационный синдром, происходят нарушения моторной, секреторной, всасывательной, экскреторной функции желудочно-­кишечного тракта, формируется вторичная гепатопатия и панкреатопатия. Также констатировано наличие статистически значимых (р ≤ 0,05) коррелятивных связей между количеством эритроцитов и показателем гематокрита (r = 0,65), MCHC (r = 0,32), СОЭ (r = 0,35), концентрацией гемоглобина (r = 0,73) и количеством лейкоцитов (r = 0,35); между MCV и гематокритом (r = 0,62), MCHC (r = –0,64); между MCV и MCHC (r = 0,64); MCH и MCHC (r = 0,40); СОЭ и количеством лейкоцитов (r = 0,53). Изменения интеркоррелятивных связей между клинико-­лабораторными параметрами у больных острым гастроэнтеритом собак можно рассматривать как предикторы тяжести патологического процесса

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

The Cluster Association as a Way to Raise the Level of Development of Ukrainian Dairy Processing Enterprises

The current economic conditions, characterized by globalization of the world economy and increased international competition, call for new approaches to ensure the development of domestic dairy processing enterprises. This can be accomplished through the long-term flexible forms of cooperation and integration of producing both milk and dairy products. In recent times, there has been a growing popularity of a production organization model in which all participants are joining the cluster in order to improve performance and successfully compete in the international market. The article is aimed at substantiating the establishment of a cluster in the dairy industry sector of Ukraine. The article considers essence of the concept of «cluster», the feasibility of forming a cluster in the domestic dairy industry sector, and the basic stages of cluster formation. The benefits of clusters provided in this article would improve development of dairy processing enterprises, thus ensuring the competitiveness of products within the territory on which the cluster is located. In addition, they would contribute to the economic development not only of enterprises and sectors, but also of region as a whole

Retrial <i>BMAP</i>/<i>PH</i>/<i>N</i> Queueing System with a Threshold-Dependent Inter-Retrial Time Distribution

In this paper, we study a multi-server queueing system with retrials and an infinite orbit. The arrival of primary customers is described by a batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP), and the service times have a phase-type (PH) distribution. Previously, in the literature, such a system was mainly considered under the strict assumption that the intervals between the repeated attempts from the orbit have an exponential distribution. Only a few publications dealt with retrial queueing systems with non-exponential inter-retrial times. These publications assumed either the rate of retrials is constant regardless of the number of customers in the orbit or this rate is constant when the number of orbital customers exceeds a certain threshold. Such assumptions essentially simplify the mathematical analysis of the system, but do not reflect the nature of the majority of real-life retrial processes. The main feature of the model under study is that we considered the classical retrial strategy under which the retrial rate is proportional to the number of orbital customers. However, in this case, the assumption of the non-exponential distribution of inter-retrial times leads to insurmountable computational difficulties. To overcome these difficulties, we supposed that inter-retrial times have a phase-type distribution if the number of customers in the orbit is less than or equal to some non-negative integer (threshold) and have an exponential distribution in the contrary case. By appropriately choosing the threshold, one can obtain a sufficiently accurate approximation of the system with a PH distribution of the inter-retrial times. Thus, the model under study takes into account the realistic nature of the retrial process and, at the same time, does not resort to restrictions such as a constant retrial rate or to rough truncation methods often applied to the analysis of retrial queueing systems with an infinite orbit. We describe the behavior of the system by a multi-dimensional Markov chain, derive the stability condition, and calculate the steady-state distribution and the main performance indicators of the system. We made sure numerically that there was a reasonable value of the threshold under which our model can be served as a good approximation of the BMAP/PH/N queueing system with the PH distribution of inter-retrial times. We also numerically compared the system under consideration with the corresponding queueing system having exponentially distributed inter-retrial times and saw that the latter is a poor approximation of the system with the PH distribution of inter-retrial times. We present a number of illustrative numerical examples to analyze the behavior of the system performance indicators depending on the system parameters, the variance of inter-retrial times, and the correlation in the input flow

Rare and endangered plants of specially protected areas of West Siberian boreal coniferous forests (inside Tomsk oblast)

The article deals with various types of specially protected territories participating in preservation of biological diversity of boreal coniferous forests of the West Siberian Plain. Data are presented on species diversity of certain territories of Tomsk oblast established in various landscape and geographical conditions and under various conditions including areas within the Great Vasyugan Mire and the outskirts of Tomsk. The article reviews species of dominant plant families of rivers and lakes of the Polto system in the basin of the Tym river; and the condition of certain species of Orchidaceae, Empetraceae, Cupressaceae, Tiliaceae and Lamiaceae in other parts of the Tomsk region. There is also some analysis of species along with description of sites where 6 plant species were discovered (Orchis militaris, Orchis fuchsii, Juniperus communis, Empetrum nigrum, Tilia cordata, Stachys silvatica) that are protected in the area of study

Rare and endangered plants of specially protected areas of West Siberian boreal coniferous forests (inside Tomsk oblast)

The article deals with various types of specially protected territories participating in preservation of biological diversity of boreal coniferous forests of the West Siberian Plain. Data are presented on species diversity of certain territories of Tomsk oblast established in various landscape and geographical conditions and under various conditions including areas within the Great Vasyugan Mire and the outskirts of Tomsk. The article reviews species of dominant plant families of rivers and lakes of the Polto system in the basin of the Tym river; and the condition of certain species of Orchidaceae, Empetraceae, Cupressaceae, Tiliaceae and Lamiaceae in other parts of the Tomsk region. There is also some analysis of species along with description of sites where 6 plant species were discovered (Orchis militaris, Orchis fuchsii, Juniperus communis, Empetrum nigrum, Tilia cordata, Stachys silvatica) that are protected in the area of study

Perspectives in Sports Genomics

Human athletic performance is a complex phenotype influenced by environmental and genetic factors, with most exercise-related traits being polygenic in nature. The aim of this article is to outline some of the challenge faced by sports genetics as this relatively new field moves forward. This review summarizes recent advances in sports science and discusses the impact of the genome, epigenome and other omics (such as proteomics and metabolomics) on athletic performance. The article also highlights the current status of gene doping and examines the possibility of applying genetic knowledge to predict athletes’ injury risk and to prevent the rare but alarming occurrence of sudden deaths during sporting events. Future research in large cohorts of athletes has the potential to detect new genetic variants and to confirm the previously identified DNA variants believed to explain the natural predisposition of some individuals to certain athletic abilities and health benefits. It is hoped that this article will be useful to sports scientists who seek a greater understanding of how genetics influences exercise science and how genomic and other multi-omics approaches might support performance analysis, coaching, personalizing nutrition, rehabilitation and sports medicine, as well as the potential to develop new rationale for future scientific investigation

Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure

BACKGROUND The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P = 0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016 -002299-28.)