The ecological tax in Russia as the economic instrument of the environmental protection

The relevance of article is determined by the fact that one of the main wealth of Russia is the set of its natural resources and its environment. Nowadays, the rational and careful use of the environment and its wealth become the important objectives facing the countries of the world. Global deterioration in the ecological situation puts the problem of transition to the waste-free or low-waste production technology before the mankind. The subject of this research is the ecological tax as the economic instrument of environmental protection and efficient environmental management. The key indicators characterizing the impact of business activities on the environment and natural resources (such as dumping of the polluted sewage, emissions of pollutants in atmospheric air, water intake from the natural water objects for the use for the period from 1992 to 2017) were systematized. The author proved the expediency of introduction of the ecological tax. Some criteria for the evaluation of optimality of the ecological taxation were offered. Comparative, economical and statistical methods of the analysis were used for the justification of the conclusions. The results of the research can be used in the sphere of the improvement of the tax legislation of the Russian Federation and also for the modernization of the environmental policy of Russia during planning and implementation of the measures directed to the increase in the efficiency in the sphere of environmental management and environmental protection

Taxation of investments into ecological innovations in Russia

The problems of the enterprises’ investments into ecological innovations for saving the natural resources are considered in the article. The conditions and factors influencing introduction of ecological innovations in the sphere of economy of Russia are described. The dynamics of the share of the enterprises performing ecological innovations in the total quantity of the enterprises which had completed their innovations is systematized, as well as the dynamics of the special costs connected with ecological innovations. Though the legislation offers some special tax benefits for the enterprises performing their research and development connected with the ecological innovations, problems still exist. The author proves that the implementation of the technologies developed by such “preferential” research and development does not make much profit for the producer of innovations; a little share of the enterprises performing ecological innovations is also revealed. Comparative, economical and statistical methods of the analysis were used for the justification of the authors conclusions. The achieved results of the research can be used in the sphere of forming of regional innovation policy, in the sphere of the development of the standard legal framework of stimulation of ecological innovations in the economy of Russia and other countries

Equilibrium problem for a thermoelastic Kirchhoff–Love plate with a delaminated rigid inclusion

The first author is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (project no. 18-41-140003).A new variational problem on the equilibrium of a thermoelastic heterogeneous Kirchhoff–Love plate is considered in a domain with a cut. The cut corresponds to an interfacial crack located on a part of the boundary of a rigid inclusion. We suppose that the plate is under the special loads for which the configuration of crack’s edges is known a priori. This assumption allows us to rewrite the well known nonpenetration condition for Kirchhoff–Love plates in a refined form, which, in turn, leads to new relations describing the possible mechanical interaction of opposite crack edges. Displacements on the rigid inclusion satisfy special constraints having a linear form. Solvability of the problem is proved, an equivalent differential statement is found.Publisher's Versio

Scenarios of the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization: entrepreneurial universities vs. high-tech universities

The article is aimed at identifying the scenarios of the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization through the opposition of entrepreneurial universities and high-tech universities. The authors conduct a system econometric analysis. The scenario analysis showed that the strategic prospects (optimistic, long-term scenario) of the innovative development of education to support the modernization of the Russian economy through the optimization of universities’ activities require the upgrading of equipment by 982.51% for increasing the research activities to 10269.44% (compared to the threshold), which will bring Russian universities to the 1st place in the QS ranking. In the medium-term period, the share of modern (less than 5 years old) equipment in Russian universities should tend to be 90%. As it is shown by a probable and promising scenario, this will improve the position of the Russian universities in the QS ranking by 6.17%. It is proved that only high-tech universities contribute to the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization. Therefore, the reduction of state funding of higher education and science makes no sense in Russia, as well as the development of entrepreneurial universities. Instead, the focus should be on the upgrading of university equipment. The originality of this paper lies in a new vision of the prospects for the development of the system of higher education in Russia in the Decade of Science and Technology (2022–2031). This new vision is as follows: for the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization, it is necessary to refuse the diversification of universities and to achieve their unification, making a choice either in favor of entrepreneurial universities or in favor of high-tech universities

ON ONE SCIENTIFICALLY BASED SOWING MANAGEMENT FOR GETTING PARETO-OPTIMAL CROPS HARVEST

In the present work, we construct and study a mathematical model for one important agrarian problem of grain production, in which it is necessary to obtain such a guaranteed harvest of crops, the yield of which depends on soil-climatic conditions, so that the gross income from the sale of the grown crop is maximum. The constructed mathematical model is a multi-criteria optimization problem (with five criteria), and it can be attributed to optimal control, in which the controlled parameters are the kind and proportion of crops to be sown. Based on the results obtained, a concrete example is implemented using the application package Mathcad, version 14.0.0.163

ЗДОРОВЬЕФОРМИРУЮЩИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ФИЗИЧЕСКОМ ВОСПИТАНИИ СТУДЕНТОВ

The article analyzes the possibilities of using health-forming educational technologies in sectional classes for students. Their effectiveness and acceptability in the system of physical education of university students was studied. As a result of the study, the level of somatic health of Omsk State University students who regularly participate in sports sections was revealed. The level of competence of students who regularly participate in sports sections about a healthy lifestyle and methods for assessing it was also determined. As a practical model for the use of health-forming technologies in the training process, an athlete’s self-control diary is proposed, which can be supplemented with new and necessary sections that allow focusing on the desire of both the athlete and the coach to fulfill the health-forming conditions of the entire training process at the university.В статье проанализированы возможности использования здоровьеформирующих образовательных технологий в секционных занятиях студентов. Исследовалась их эффективность и приемлемость в системе физического воспитания студентов ВУЗов. В результате проведенного исследования выявлен уровень соматического здоровья студентов ОмГАУ, регулярно занимающихся в спортивных секциях. Также был определен уровень компетентности студентов, регулярно занимающихся в спортивных секциях, о здоровом образе жизни и методах его оценки. В качестве практической модели использования здоровьеформирующих технологий в тренировочном процессе предлагается дневник самоконтроля спортсмена, который может быть дополнен новыми и необходимыми разделами, позволяющими акцентировать внимание на стремление как самого спортсмена, так и тренера выполнять здоровьеформирующие условия всего тренировочного процесса в ВУЗе. 

The technology of augmented reality as a motivational factor for EFL future soil scientists in learning foreign language terminology of chemical elements

Currently augmented reality technology, as one of innovative tools, is rapidly penetrating the process of mastering a foreign language, helping to diversify and optimize the learning process for a new generation of students. The use of augmented reality technology in the foreign language educational process helps to increase motivation of students to study a foreign language at a university. The purpose of the study is to examine and analyze the impact of augmented reality technology on future soil specialists’ motivation in the process of learning English as a foreign language. To achieve the goal of the study, a comprehensive research methodology was chosen: theoretical analysis of scientific, pedagogical and methodological literature on the topic of research, pedagogical observation, survey, interview, analysis of the research results. Along with traditional methods, the elements of augmented reality were introduced in the process of teaching a foreign language to first-year students of non-linguistic specialties in order to identify the effectiveness of the influence of the technology on students’ motivation in learning English as a foreign language. The authors conclude that the technology of augmented reality has a didactic potential in the study of a foreign language in general and in the study of foreign language terminology of chemical elements in particular

МЕТОДИКА РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ У ЮНЫХ СКАЛОЛАЗОВ 7-10 ЛЕТ

The article substantiates the need for the development of spatial thinking of young athletes-climbers aged 7-10 years. The purpose of the study was to develop the spatial thinking of young climbers. The study involved young climbers 7-10 years old, who were included in the control and experimental groups. In the control group, the author's methodology for the development of spatial thinking of young climbers was used. The results of the study prove an increase in the level of spatial thinking development among young climbers in the experimental group. The study proves the need for the introduction of new techniques and tools for the development of spatial thinking of young climbers and the study of the relationship between the development of spatial thinking and other physical qualities.В статье обосновывается необходимость развития пространственного мышления юных спортсменов-скалолазов в возрасте 7-10 лет. Цель исследования заключалась в развития пространственного мышления юных скалолазов. В исследование принимали юные скалолазы 7-10 лет, которые были включены в контрольную и экспериментальную группу. В контрольной группе использовалась авторская методика развития пространственного мышления юных скалолазов. Результаты исследования доказывают повышение уровня развития пространственного мышления у юных скалолазов в экспериментальной группе. Исследование доказывает необходимость внедрения новых методик и средств по развитию пространственного мышления юных скалолазов и изучению взаимосвязи развития пространственного мышления и других физических качеств