21 research outputs found
Full-genome characterization and genetic evolution of West African isolates of Bagaza virus
Bagaza virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, first isolated in 1966 in Central African Republic. It has currently been identified in mosquito pools collected in the field in West and Central Africa. Emergence in wild birds in Europe and serological evidence in encephalitis patients in India raise questions on its genetic evolution and the diversity of isolates circulating in Africa. To better understand genetic diversity and evolution of Bagaza virus, we describe the full-genome characterization of 11 West African isolates, sampled from 1988 to 2014. Parameters such as genetic distances, N-glycosylation patterns, recombination events, selective pressures, and its codon adaptation to human genes are assessed. Our study is noteworthy for the observation of N-glycosylation and recombination in Bagaza virus and provides insight into its Indian origin from the 13th century. Interestingly, evidence of Bagaza virus codon adaptation to human house-keeping genes is also observed to be higher than those of other flaviviruses well known in human infections. Genetic variations on genome of West African Bagaza virus could play an important role in generating diversity and may promote Bagaza virus adaptation to other vertebrates and become an important threat in human health
Prévalence et facteurs de risque de la mauvaise observance au traitement anti-épileptique à Dakar- Sénégal
Introduction: 80 % à 90 % of epileptics don’t receive adapted treatment in developing countries. Treatment gap was esteemed in Dakar 2003 to 23,4% with a prevalence of 14,2 0/00. This  study  would  evaluate factors influencing the quality of antiepileptic drugs adherence.Participants and methods: We did a transversal study during 8 months (November 2009 - June 2010) in a suburban hospital and the university teaching hospital of Fann in Dakar. It concerns more than 400 persons with epilepsy between 15 and more years old, using antiepileptic drugs since more than 3 months.Results: Epilepsy was followed since 6 – 20 years for 46 % of patients and 67,6 % of seizures was generalized with a majority of one seizure per month and 19 % patients was seizure free since 2 years. 83,9% of patients used one antiepileptic drug since principally 3 years in 40,2%. 92,9 % patients could access easily to AEDs, but 15,3% didn’t used it as prescribed.Conclusion : The prevalence of nonadherence to antepileptic treatment was 69,8% with statistical link with age, study level, profession, memory trouble, seizures frequency, stress, afraid to be dependant of treatment, hope of healing.Introduction : On estime que 80 à 90% des épileptiques ne reçoivent pas de traitement approprié dans les PED. Le treatment gap à Dakar, a été estimé en 2003 à 23,4 % pour une prévalence de 14,2 0/00. Notre étude tente d’évaluer les facteurs pouvant influencer la qualité de l’observance au traitement antiépileptique.Participants  et  méthodes : Etude  transversale  de  8 mois (Novembre 2009 - Juin 2010) dans un hôpital périphérique de la banlieue de Dakar et un hôpital universitaire, concernant plus de 400 personnes épileptiques âgés de 15 ans et plus, sous MAE depuis plus de 3 mois. Résultats : L’épilepsie évoluait entre 6 à 20 ans pour 46 % des patients et 67,6 % des crises étaient généralisées avec une fréquence majoritaire d’une crise par mois et avec 19 % de patients libres de crises depuis 2 ans. 83,9% des patients était sous monothérapie dont 65,2 % en prise unique, et durait depuis mois de 3 ans chez 40,2%. 92,9 % des patients avait un accès aisé aux MAE mais 15,3% ne suivaient pas les prescriptions médicales.Conclusion : La prevalence de mauvaise observance était de 69,8% avec une liaison statistique avec l’âge, le niveau d’étude, la profession, les troubles de la mémoire, la fréquence des crises, la polythérapie, la fatigue, le stress la peur de devenir dépendant du traitement et l’espoir de guérison
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The Writers\u27 Forum: Ousmane Sembene
A brief statement by Ousmane Sembene for the Writers\u27 Forum in French with English translation
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An Interview with Ousmane Sembene by Sada Niang
An Interview (in French, with an English translation) with Ousmane Sembene by Sada Niang