Supernova neutrino physics with xenon dark matter detectors: A timely perspective

Dark matter detectors that utilize liquid xenon have now achieved tonne-scale targets, giving them sensitivity to all flavours of supernova neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. Considering for the first time a realistic detector model, we simulate the expected supernova neutrino signal for different progenitor masses and nuclear equations of state in existing and upcoming dual-phase liquid xenon experiments. We show that the proportional scintillation signal (S2) of a dual-phase detector allows for a clear observation of the neutrino signal and guarantees a particularly low energy threshold, while the backgrounds are rendered negligible during the supernova burst. XENON1T (XENONnT and LZ; DARWIN) experiments will be sensitive to a supernova burst up to 25 (35; 65) kpc from Earth at a significance of more than 5 sigma, observing approximately 35 (123; 704) events from a 27 Msun supernova progenitor at 10 kpc. Moreover, it will be possible to measure the average neutrino energy of all flavours, to constrain the total explosion energy, and to reconstruct the supernova neutrino light curve. Our results suggest that a large xenon detector such as DARWIN will be competitive with dedicated neutrino telescopes, while providing complementary information that is not otherwise accessible.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures. Minor revisions compared to original version. Matches version published in Phys. Rev.

An anatomical and ecological study on some Crocus L. taxa (Iridaceae) from the west part of Turkey

A comparative anatomical and ecological study was made of nine Crocus taxa (C. gargaricus subsp. gargaricus, C. chrysanthus, C. biflorus subsp. nubigena, C. flavus subsp. dissectus, C. olivieri subsp. istanbulensis, C. candidus, C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, C. cancellatus subsp. mazziaricus, C. pulchellus) from the west part of Turkey. Leaf anatomy has been differentiated among the taxa. The lower surfaces of the arms and the sides of keels have projections only in C. biflorus subsp. nubigena. Anticlinal walls of epidermis in stomatal regions are generally sinuous, but sometimes straight. There are four large vascular bundles in the margin of the arms and on the corner of the keels. Sclerenchymatous tissue was observed in phloem and xylem poles of larger bundles in C. flavus subsp. dissectus, C. olivieri subsp. istanbulensis, C. candidus, C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, while it was observed only in the phloem pole in C. gargaricus subsp. gargaricus, C. chrysanthus, C. biflorus subsp. nubigena, C. cancellatus subsp. mazziaricus, C. pulchellus. All taxa grow on clayey-loamy and clayey soils, with pH 6.09–7.18, with 3.1–5.7% of CaCO3, 3.1–5.7% of organic matter, 2.5–67.7% of phosphorus, and 52.7–198.7% of potassium

An anatomical and ecological study on some Crocus L. taxa (Iridaceae) from the west part of Turkey

A comparative anatomical and ecological study was made of nine Crocus taxa (C. gargaricus subsp. gargaricus, C. chrysanthus, C. biflorus subsp. nubigena, C. flavus subsp. dissectus, C. olivieri subsp. istanbulensis, C. candidus, C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, C. cancellatus subsp. mazziaricus, C. pulchellus) from the west part of Turkey. Leaf anatomy has been differentiated among the taxa. The lower surfaces of the arms and the sides of keels have projections only in C. biflorus subsp. nubigena. Anticlinal walls of epidermis in stomatal regions are generally sinuous, but sometimes straight. There are four large vascular bundles in the margin of the arms and on the corner of the keels. Sclerenchymatous tissue was observed in phloem and xylem poles of larger bundles in C. flavus subsp. dissectus, C. olivieri subsp. istanbulensis, C. candidus, C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, while it was observed only in the phloem pole in C. gargaricus subsp. gargaricus, C. chrysanthus, C. biflorus subsp. nubigena, C. cancellatus subsp. mazziaricus, C. pulchellus. All taxa grow on clayey-loamy and clayey soils, with pH 6.09–7.18, with 3.1–5.7% of CaCO3, 3.1–5.7% of organic matter, 2.5–67.7% of phosphorus, and 52.7–198.7% of potassium

Bicarbonate Resensitization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactam Antibiotics.

Endovascular infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major health care concern, especially infective endocarditis (IE). Standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) defines most MRSA strains as "resistant" to β-lactams, often leading to the use of costly and/or toxic treatment regimens. In this investigation, five prototype MRSA strains, representing the range of genotypes in current clinical circulation, were studied. We identified two distinct MRSA phenotypes upon AST using standard media, with or without sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation: one highly susceptible to the antistaphylococcal β-lactams oxacillin and cefazolin (NaHCO3 responsive) and one resistant to such agents (NaHCO3 nonresponsive). These phenotypes accurately predicted clearance profiles of MRSA from target tissues in experimental MRSA IE treated with each β-lactam. Mechanistically, NaHCO3 reduced the expression of two key genes involved in the MRSA phenotype, mecA and sarA, leading to decreased production of penicillin-binding protein 2a (that mediates methicillin resistance), in NaHCO3-responsive (but not in NaHCO3-nonresponsive) strains. Moreover, both cefazolin and oxacillin synergistically killed NaHCO3-responsive strains in the presence of the host defense antimicrobial peptide (LL-37) in NaHCO3-supplemented media. These findings suggest that AST of MRSA strains in NaHCO3-containing media may potentially identify infections caused by NaHCO3-responsive strains that are appropriate for β-lactam therapy

Potensi Lamun di Kampung Aisandami Kabupaten Teluk Wondama dan Strategi Pengelolaanya

Seagrass ecosystem have primary and secondary productivity with great support to the abundance and diversity of fishes and it’s biota associations. Seagrass ecosystems are also as a coastal resources that have an important role of environmental services. Some community activities will directly or indirectly can have an impact on habitat degradation and biodiversity of seagrass ecosystems. The importance oto assess  the potential of seagrass ecosystem and it’s  biotas association is to know of sea grass’s role to provides of environmental services is the aim of this study. This research was conducted in the waters of Kampung Aisandami, Teluk Wondama Regency during June - July 2019. Data collection methodology was used is structured random methods quadrant transects at two observations to reveal data on seagrass community structure. The datas obtained were tabulated and displayed in tables and figures. Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were found at two observation sites. Another type found outside the observation transect is Halophila ovalis. E. acoroides seagrass species have a frequency value is 0.77 which shows that  distribution of E. acoroides is wider than T. hemprichii  which has a frequency is 0. 58. Both of station show that T. hemprichii has a frequency value of 0.7 where it indicates that distribution is wider compare with E. Acoroides. T hemprichii has the highest relative density at both observation stations. The status of seagrass of both stations is classified as poor or unhealthy with seagrass value ≥ 30-59.9%. The highest importance index is the T. hemprichii seagrass at both stations and has a higher role than the E. acoroides. The community-based management model is the a suitable model that can be used  to developing coastal ecosystem management including seagrass ecosystems in this village.Ekosistem lamun memiliki produktivitas primer dan sekunder dengan dukungan yang besar terhadap kelimpahan dan keragaman ikan serta biota asosiasi. Ekosistem lamun juga merupakan sumberdaya pesisir yang memiliki peran sangat besar dalam penyediaan jasa lingkungan. Beberapa aktivitas masyarakat secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat berdampak pada degradasi habitat dan keanekaragaman hayati ekosistem lamun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi ekosistem lamun dan strategi pengelolaannya. Lokasi studi berada di perairan Kampung Aisandami Kabupaten Teluk Wondama, dan berlangsung pada bulan Juni – Juli 2019. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode acak terstruktur dengan transek kuadran pada dua lokasi pengamatan untuk mengungkapkan data struktur komunitas lamun. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara tabulasi dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel serta gambar.  Jenis Thalassia hemprichii dan Enhalus Acoroides ditemukan pada 2 lokasi pengamatan. Jenis lain yang ditemukan di luar transek pengamatan adalah Halophila ovalis. Jenis lamun E. acoroides memiliki nilai frekunsi 0.77 yang menujukan bahwa jenis E. Acoroides penyebarannya lebih luas dibandingkan dengan jenis T. hemprichii yang memiliki nlai Frekuensi 0. 58.  Pada Stasiun 2 jenis T. hemprichii memiliki nilai frekunsi 0.7 yang menunjukan bahwa penyebaran lebih luas dibandingkan jenis E. Acoroides. Jenis T hemprichii memiliki kerapatan relatif tertinggi pada kedua stasiun pengamatan. Status padang lamun kedua stasiun tergolong miskin atau kurang sehat dengan nilai penutupan lamun ≥ 30-59,9 %. Indeks Nilai Penting tertinggi adalah jenis lamun T. hemprichii pada kedua stasiun dan mempunyai peranan yang lebih tinggi dari jenis E. acoroides. Potensi lamun di Kampung Aisandami memerlukan pengelolaan yang terintegrasi dengan baik. Model pengelolaan berbasis masyarakat menjadi model yang tepat dalam mengembangkan pengelolaan ekosistem pesisir termasuk ekosistem padang lamun di perairan kampung Aisandami