Steady pressure measurements in the strap-on booster interference Region of 1/20 scale aslv configuration

Wind tunnel studies were carried out to obtain pressure distribution in the strap-on booster interference region of 1/20th scale Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle model configuration. Tests were done in the 1 .2m tunnel at NAL in the Mach number range of 0 .5 to 2.5 for the clean configuration as well as with spring housing attachments on the strap-on boosters. Both the model configurations with the boosters strapped on to the core vehicle in the horizontal plane (pitch) and in the vertical plane (yaw) were tested for incidences at 0, 4 and -4 deg. In addition pressure measurements were also done on the core vehicle alone at Mach numbers 2.1, 2.5 and 3.0 for 0, +4 degree incidences. The test Reynolds number was varied from 0.7 to 1.3 millions based on the maximum diameter of the model. The pressure distribution showed significant interference effects of boosters on the core vehicle. It is observed that the positive pressure peak associated with flow compression at the flare junction increases with increase in Mach number. In the pitch plane the normal force distribution remains positive along the core vehicle whereas in the yaw plane it is of less magnitude

Synthesis, Growth and Spectroscopic Studies of L-Alanine Hydrogen Chloride(Lahc) Crystals

L-alanine Hydrogen Chloride (LAHC) salt was synthesized by taking L-alanine and hydrochloric acid in 1:1 molar ratio and the solubility of the synthesized salt in deionized water was determined at different temperatures. Single crystals of  L-alanine  Hydrogen Chloride (LAHC) were grown by solution method with slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, FTIR studies and UV-visible transmittance studies and the NLO activity of the grown crystal has been checked by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) test.ÂÂ

Microstructure, Precipitation and Micro-segregation in Inconel 825 Weldments: A Comparative study between GTAW and EBW

Inconel 825 is a Ni-Fe-Cr alloy which is widely used in engineering due to its exceptional corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength. Welding (joining) of Inconel 825 has attracted strong research attention over the past few years. In this work, the effects of heat input leading to precipitation and micro segregation of Inconel 825 weldments were examined in light of comparing them while using two popular welding techniques namely, Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and Electron beam welding (EBW). It was discovered that excessive heat input during GTAW can lead to root cracking and solidification cracking; while EBW demonstrated better control over undercut and maintains consistent weld quality even for higher heat inputs. Both GTAW and EBW samples exhibit dendritic grain morphologies with distinctive grain boundaries. Precipitates, such as Al4C3 and TiN were observed in both processes, contributing to improved mechanical properties. While GTAW weldments show some degree of segregation for Mo, Cu, Ti, and Al, EBW weldments demonstrate negligible segregation for major alloying elements but micro-segregation of Ti and Al. In general, the mechanical properties of EBW weldments was better as the average hardness, tensile strength, and ductility was much better compared to the GTAW weldments. This can be attributed to lower heat input, faster cooling rates, and a reduced rate of elemental segregation during EBW. Finally, the fractographic analysis revealed the presence of voids and micro-voids, indicating a ductile mode of failure for both GTAW and EBW samples. These findings offer invaluable insights for selecting the appropriate environment and welding method to join Inconel 825 for critical safety applications

Spectroscopic, thermal, second order and third order NLO studies of N, N’ -dimethyl urea crystal

Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are classified into organic, inorganic and semi organic crystals and these crystals are used in the fields of optical communication, optical computing, frequency doubling, optical data processing and opto electronics. In this work an organic NLO crystal namely DMU crystal was prepared. Slow evaporation technique was adopted to grow the single crystals of DMU after the growth period of 35 days. The harvested crystals have been subjected to various characterization techniques like XRD, FTIR, FT-Raman, TG/DTA, SHG, EDAX, impedance, optical and Z-scan studies. From the studies, is observed that DMU crystal has orthorhombic structure and it has the melting point at 105 oC and has the decomposition point at 275 oC. The relative SHG efficiency of DMU crystal was found to be more than one and third order NLO parameters were evaluated. The optical band gap of DMU crystal was found to be 5.008 eV.The results from various studies were analyzed.

GROWTH, SPECTRAL, NLO AND IMPEDANCE STUDIES OF POTASSIUM AMMONIUM SULPHATE CRYSTALS GROWN BY AQUEOUS SOLUTION TECHNIQUE

Single crystals of Potassium Ammonium Sulphate (PAS) have been grown by the free evaporation method and characterized structurally, electrically, optically and mechanically. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the crystal system as orthorhombic .The functional groups have been identified using Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis. UV-visible transmittance spectra showed wide transparency window in visible and near IR region. The hardness values of the grown sample have been found by Vickers microhardness test. Studies of electrical properties of PAS crystal using a complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) technique show the decrease of bulk resistance with rise in temperature indicating a typical negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) type behavior similar to that of an insulator. The nature of Nyquist plots reveals the presence of bulk and grain boundary effects in PAS crystal. Moreover, the variation in dc conductivity is found to increase with temperature

SL-RI: Integration of supervised learning in robots for industry 5.0 automated application monitoring

Robotic technology holds a significant role within the realm of smart industries, wherein all functionalities are executed within real-time systems. The verification of robot operations is a crucial aspect in the context of Industry 5.0. To address this requirement, a distinctive design methodology known as SL-RI is proposed. This article aims to establish the significance of incorporating robots in the Industry 5.0 framework through analytical representations. In the context of this industrial monitoring system, the implementation of a supplementary algorithm is essential for effective management, as it enables the robots to acquire knowledge through the analysis and adaptation of restructured commands. The analytical model of robots is designed to accurately monitor the precise position and accelerations of robots, resulting in full-scale representations with minimal error conditions. The uniqueness of the proposed method in robotic monitoring system is related to the application process that is directly applied in Industry 5.0 by using various parametric cases where active movement of robots are monitored with rotational matrix representations. In this type of representations the significance relies in the way to understand the full movement of robots across various machines and its data handling characteristics that provides low loss and error factors