Tromboembolismo pulmonar o infarto de ventrículo derecho: Dilema clínico, a propósito de un caso

Pulmonary embolism is a cardiovascular emergency that it is often difficult to diagnose. The case of a 44-year-old male is reported. After an abdominal surgery, he presented with hemodynamic instability symptoms which were interpreted as a pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the finding of ST segment elevation in right precordial leads stirred clinically suspicion of right ventricular infarction. The absence of coronary lesions in the invasive coronary angiography and the evidence of pressure overload in the right ventricle, and thrombosis of the lower limbs, corroborated the initial diagnosis. This case emphasizes that this disease should be suspected in all patients with suggestive symptoms, even in the presence of electrocardiographic findings suggestive of myocardial infarction, especially in the absence of involvement of coronary circulation and echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular dysfunction associated with signs of pulmonary hypertension.El tromboembolismo pulmonar es una emergencia cardiovascular que a menudo es difícil de diagnosticar. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 44 años que, posterior a una intervención quirúrgica abdominal, presentó un cuadro de inestabilidad hemodinámica interpretado como tromboembolismo pulmonar, pero el hallazgo de supradesnivel del ST en precordiales derechas determinó la sospecha clínica de un infarto de miocardio de ventrículo derecho. La ausencia de lesiones coronarias en el estudio coronariográfico invasivo y la presencia de evidencias de sobrecarga de presión en el ventrículo derecho, así como de trombosis de miembros inferiores, corroboraron el diagnóstico inicial. Este caso enfatiza que esta enfermedad debe ser sospechada en todo paciente con clínica sugestiva, incluso en presencia de hallazgos electrocardiográficos sugestivos de infarto de miocardio, sobre todo en ausencia de compromiso de la circulación coronaria y de evidencia ecocardiográfica de disfunción del ventrículo derecho asociado a signos de hipertensión pulmonar

Pulmonary embolism or right ventricular infarction: Clinical dilemma, apropos of a case

Pulmonary embolism is a cardiovascular emergency that it is often difficult to diagnose. The case of a 44-year-old male is reported. After an abdominal surgery, he presented with hemodynamic instability symptoms which were interpreted as a pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the finding of ST segment elevation in right precordial leads stirred clinically suspicion of right ventricular infarction. The absence of coronary lesions in the invasive coronary angiography and the evidence of pressure overload in the right ventricle, and thrombosis of the lower limbs, corroborated the initial diagnosis. This case emphasizes that this disease should be suspected in all patients with suggestive symptoms, even in the presence of electrocardiographic findings suggestive of myocardial infarction, especially in the absence of involvement of coronary circulation and echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular dysfunction associated with signs of pulmonary hypertension

Evaluation of methodologies to determine the effect of specific active immunotherapy on VEGF levels in phase I clinical trial patients with advanced solid tumors

Two phase I clinical trials were conducted to evaluate, among other parameters, the humoral response elicited by a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-based therapeutic vaccine in cancer patients with advanced solid tumors. VEGF reduction was studied using an indirect methodology named as “Platelet VEGF”. This methodology is based on the estimation of VEGF within platelets by subtracting the plasma VEGF level from the serum level and dividing this by the platelet count, and then this latter expression is additionally corrected by the hematocrit. However, there is broad debate, whether serum or plasma VEGF or platelet-derived VEGF measurements is the most appropriate strategy to study the changes that occur on ligand bioavailability when patients are submitted to a VEGF-based immunotherapy.The current research is a retrospective study evaluating the changes on VEGF levels in serum and plasma as well as platelet-derived measurements. Changes in VEGF levels were related with the humoral response seen in cancer patients after an active immunotherapy with a VEGF-based vaccine. The present study indicates that “Platelet VEGF” is the most reliable methodology to investigate the effect of VEGF-based immunotherapies on ligand bioavailability. “Platelet VEGF” was associated with those groups of individuals that exhibited the best specific humoral response and the variation of “Platelet VEGF” showed the strongest negative correlation with VEGF-specific IgG antibody levels. This methodology will be very useful for the investigation of this VEGF-based vaccine in phase II clinical trials and could be applied to immunotherapies directed to other growth factors that are actively sequestered by platelets

Additional file 4: of Characteristics of the specific humoral response in patients with advanced solid tumors after active immunotherapy with a VEGF vaccine, at different antigen doses and using two distinct adjuvants

Anti-VEGF IgG antibody titers prior and after vaccination during trial vaccinations. (XLS 41 kb