Un estudio en psicología transcultural: España-Marruecos

RESUMEN El trabajo compara dos muestras, una marroquí y otra española en un amplio abanico de variables: inteligencia, personalidad, motivación, bienestar, autocompetencia, apoyo social, afecto, satisfacción con la vida, la familia y la comunidad, roles de género, valores, percepción de la familia, yo mismo, el hombre, la mujer, la nación y la religión, así como el estereotipo masculino y femenino. Tras realizarse una completa búsqueda bibliográfica, los análisis realizados incluyen diferencias de medias, discriminación entre grupos, análisis de correlación, de regresión y factoriales. La técnica para la obtención de los factores comunes en ambas muestras ha sido la de Buss y Royce (1975), y los resultados mas importantes son los siguientes: a) En inteligencia los españoles obtienen puntuaciones significativamente superiores a marroquíes b) En personalidad los marroquíes presentan menor extraversión pero menor neuroticismo, psicoticismo y rigidez que los españoles. c) En motivación los marroquíes tienden más hacia una mayor atribución tanto interna como externa en su comparación con españoles. d) Todas las variables de bienestar, apoyo social de amigos y asociaciones así como satisfacción con la vida y la comunidad son mayores en españoles que en marroquíes. e) Las variables de apoyo social de la familia y satisfacción con la familia son muy parecidas en ambas muestras f) En cuanto a roles de género, los marroquíes muestran un rol más tradicional y los españoles y rol más feminista o igualitario g) Los valores que guían la vida de los marroquíes son los valores de logro, poder, tradición, seguridad y conformidad, mientras que los españoles destacan más en la defensa de valores como universalismo, hedonismo, auto-competencia y benevolencia h) Respecto al estereotipo masculino y femenino, ambas muestras perciben al hombre como masculino, si bien los marroquíes también lo ven como valiente, fuerte e independiente, a estos adjetivos los hombres no añaden nada más pero las mujeres marroquíes también ven al hombre como aventurero y cruel. Al adjetivo masculino, ni hombres ni mujeres españolas le añaden nada más. El estereotipo femenino marroquí está caracterizado por el adjetivo tierna, el hombre no le añade nada más y la mujer marroquí le añade los adjetivos débil, pasiva, sensible y soñadora. El estereotipo femenino no tiene nada en común entre marroquíes y españoles; los españoles ven a la mujer como femenina y sexy, a estos adjetivos las mujeres españolas no le añaden nada más pero los españoles ve a las españolas también como suaves. Se han realizado también análisis teniendo en cuanta el sexo y el estado civil, encontrándose bastantes diferencias en la mayoría de las variables excepto en el campo de los valores. __________________________________________________________________________________________________This Thesis compares two samples, Moroccan and Spanish in a wide range of variables: intelligence, personality, motivation, self-competence, social support, wellbeing, affect, satisfaction with life, family and community, gender roles, values, evaluation of family, self, man, woman, country, and religion, and finally, feminine and masculine stereotypes. The statistical analyses were t-test, discriminant, factorial, correlation and regression. The technique to get the same factors in both samples was based on the Buss and Royce (1975). The most important results are as follows: a) Spaniards get higher scores in intelligence than Moroccans b) Moroccans get higher scores in extraversion than Spaniards, but Spaniards get higher scores than Moroccans in neuroticism, psychoticims, and rigidity. c) Moroccans have more external and internal attributions than Spaniards. d) Spaniards score higher in well-being, friends and associations social support, satisfaction with life, and community than Moroccans. e) Family social support and family satisfaction are similar in both samples. f) Moroccans show a traditional role and Spaniards a feminist role. g) The values Moroccans follow are achievement, power, tradition, security, and conformity. Spaniards follow universalism, hedonism, self-competence and benevolence values. h) The Moroccan masculine stereotype is based in the adjectives: masculine, brave, strong and independent. Moroccan men do add no more adjective, but Moroccan women add adventurous and cruel. The Spanish masculine stereotype for both women and men is based only in the adjective masculine. The Moroccan feminine stereotype is based in the adjective tender, Moroccan men add no more adjective but Moroccan women add the adjectives passive, weak, sensitive and dreamer. The Spanish feminine stereotype is based in the adjective feminine and sexy. Spanish women add no other adjectives, and Spanish men add the adjective soft. Analyses made by sex and civil status shown different results in both samples. Values are the only variables not affected by those analyses

An orange peel‐like nodule on the back: A case of Wells syndrome

Abstract Wells syndrome is a rare eosinophilic syndrome, associating inflammatory lesions, suggestive histological images and frequent eosinophilia. Wells syndrome is characterized by multiplicity of anatomoclinical forms. Clinically, lesions may be urticarial, annular, papulonodular, papulovesicular or bullous. On histopathology, the flame aspect is by no means specific and late

Whitish patches on the buccal mucosa: Role of dermoscopy

Abstract Morsicatio is caused by chronic self‐inflicted biting of the buccal mucosa that results in clinically whitish plaques. It is frequently confused with other dermatological mucosal disorders. To avoid needless invasive procedures, dermoscopy can help with differential diagnosis. Dermoscopy shows whitish and yellowish structureless areas and lines, small erosions, and some white scales. The lack of additional, more specific signs such as Wickham striae is crucial to guide the diagnosis

Inverted follicular keratosis: A retrospective study over 10 years

Inverted follicular keratosis (IFK) is a rare benign tumour of the follicular infundibulum characterized by exo-endophytic growing. Generally, the diagnosis of IFK is histopathologically made because clinical differentiation from other lesions is difficult. We present a retrospective series with thirteen patients with histologically confirmed IFK to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and histopathologic characteristics of IFK. The mean age of the patients at the time of the excision was 53 years with extremes ranging from 19 to 82 years. The sex ratio M/F was 3.3. The lesions affected the face in nine patients mainly the moustache, followed by the scalp in three cases and the arm in one case, and 92% of the localizations are sun-exposed. The diagnosis was never clinically evoked. The lesion had a pink colour in ten cases and was pigmented in two cases and hypopigmented in one case. More than half of the lesions (53%) had a keratotic centre. Histopathological examination showed endophytic intradermal proliferation of basaloid cells with a variable degree of squamoid differentiation. Horn cysts were present in all cases. According to our series, the IFK occurs predominantly in young men, in the face and more specifically in the moustache. Dermoscopy may suggest the diagnosis of the IFK. In fact, a histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of the IFK and helps differentiate these benign tumours from possible malignant neoplasms

Lichenoid lesions around the anus: An unusual site of Hailey–Hailey disease

Abstract The anal region is an unusual site of Hailey–Hailey disease. It manifests with lichenoid lesions with crusted erosions around the anus. It should be differentiated from condylomata acuminata, extramammary Paget disease, and bowenoid papulosis

Unilateral hyperpigmented lesion of the breast

Abstract Muco‐cutaneous melanosis is a benign entity with no progression. Although, dermoscopic features may help to differentiate melanosis from malignant pigmented diseases, histopathology remains crucial for the confirming of melanosis of the nipple and areola. Herein, we represent a new case of melanosis of the areola and we describe its clinico‐pathological aspects

Congenital liquified subcutaneous fat necrosis in a newborn: an unusual case

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is a self-limited disorder of the panniculus that arises in the first six weeks of life. Some differential diagnoses may be difficult such as bacterial cellulitis or erysipelas. The prognosis is usually favorable but there are serious complications for which the patient must be regularly monitored, especially hypercalcemia. We report a case of a full-term newborn with a liquidated area of subcutaneous fat necrosis. A surgical incision was performed because of the discomfort and the lack of regression. Hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis appeared afterward. A set of clinical, biological, and histological arguments allows the diagnosis of subcutaneous fat necrosis. Follow-up to early detection and to manage such complications is necessary

Unusual facial lesions in H syndrome

Abstract H Syndrome is a rare genodermatosis. It may include facial involvement such as: facial telangiectasia, both hypo‐ and hyperpigmented lesions, hirsutism, swollen cheeks due to subcutaneous infiltration and eczematous lesions. We describe a new facial phenotype with dermoscopic and histological features in the spectrum of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Chromosome 2q33genetic polymorphisms in Tunisian endemic pemphigus foliaceus

Abstract Background Several studies have suggested that polymorphisms within genes encoding T‐lymphocyte immune regulating molecules: CD28, CTLA‐4, and ICOS, may alter the signaling process and subsequently could be involved in susceptibility to a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Methods This study aimed to replicate associations between common polymorphisms in the 2q33.2 cluster and susceptibility to pemphigus foliaceus (PF) in the Tunisian population. We investigated seven polymorphisms: rs3116496 and rs1879877 (CD28), rs231775, rs3087243, and (AT)n repeat (CTLA4); rs11889031 and rs10932029 (ICOS) in a case–control study which enrolled 106 Tunisian PF patients and 205 matched healthy controls. Results We confirmed the associations with CTLA4((AT)13, p = 0.00137, OR = 3.96 and (AT)20, p = 0.008, OR = 5.22; respectively) and ICOS genes (rs10932029>CT, p = 0.034, OR = 2.12 and rs10932029>TT, p = 0.04 and OR = 0.41). Conclusion Our results indicate that susceptibility to PF is located in the proximal and the distal 3′ flanking region of the CTLA4/ICOS promoter. These findings may open avenues to the treatment of patients with biological drugs targeting CTLA4/ICOS molecules, in a personalized manner to achieve more effective treatment

Adverse reactions due to the bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine: Twenty Tunisian cases

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a widely used vaccine. Management of local BCG complications differs between clinicians, and the optimal approach remains unclear. Aims: We aim to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of the BCG vaccine side effects in Sfax. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all the cases of BCG vaccine adverse reactions recorded in the Dermatology and Paediatrics Departments of Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax over a period of 10 years (2005–2015). Results: Twenty cases of BCG adverse reactions were notified during the study period. Actually, 80% of the patients presented local adverse reactions. The outcome was good in all the followed patients. The rate of disseminated BCG disease was 20%. Biological tests of immunity showed a primary immunodeficiency in three cases, whereas the outcome was fatal in two cases. Conclusion: BCG vaccine adverse reactions range from mild to severe. However, the management of benign local reactions remains unclear. Disseminated BCG disease must alert clinicians to the possibility of a primary immunodeficiency