On some congruence properties of elliptic curves

In this paper, as a result of a theorem of Serre on congruence properties, a complete solution is given for an open question (see the text) presented recently by Kim, Koo and Park. Some further questions and results on similar types of congruence properties of elliptic curves are also presented and discussed.Comment: 11 pages, The title is changed. Thanks to a result of J.-P. Serre from his letter on June 15, 2009 to the author, a complete solution for an open question of Kim, Koo and Park is obtained in this fifth revised version. Some related questions and results are also presented and discusse

El álbum poético en portugués y en español: sinergia estética entre palabras e ilustraciones

Este estudo procurou problematizar a relação textual que se observa entre a palavra e a imagem em um tipo de texto especialmente concebido para crianças: o álbum poético. Para tal, utilizamos alguns exemplos textuais significativos desse subgênero literário/editorial ainda em emergência tanto em Portugal quanto na Espanha, e propusemos uma definição e uma caracterização baseadas no comentário de sequências poéticas nas quais a ilustração sustenta o conteúdo verbal. Efetivamente, centrando a atenção no álbum poético de potencial recepção infanto-juvenil, sugere-se uma análise de diversos títulos de autoria portuguesa e espanhola, assente em uma leitura dialógica do texto verbal e do visual. A sinergia que se concretiza entre as duas componentes enunciadas alicerça essa nova construção estética que tem, na verdade e na sua essência, a poesia como matriz e, em larga medida, é devedora dos efeitos expressivos da metáfora.This study aimed to discuss the relation between words and images in a type of text especially directed to children: the picture-poetry book. From significant examples of this literary subgenre still emerging in both Portugal and Spain, we propose a definition and characterization based on the review of poetic sequences in which illustrations support the verbal content. By focusing on picture-poetry books potentially aimed for adolescents and children, we present an analysis of several titles by Portuguese and Spanish authors, based on the dialogic reading between verbal and visual texts. The synergy found between these two components creates de foundantions of a new aesthetic construction which, in truth and in essence, has poetry as its matrix and owes its expressive effects to metaphors.Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo discutir la relación textual que existe entre la palabra y la imagen en un tipo texto especialmente creado para niños: el álbum poético. Para ello, utilizamos algunos ejemplos textuales significativos de un subgénero literario en emergencia tanto en Portugal cuanto en España, y hemos propuesto una definición de este subgénero y su caracterización a partir del comentario de secuencias poéticas en las cuales la imagen sustenta el contenido verbal. De hecho, centrando la atención en el álbum poético de potencial recepción infantil y juvenil, proponemos un análisis de diversos títulos de autoría portuguesa y española basado en la lectura dialógica entre el texto verbal y el texto ilustrativo. La sinergia que se establece entre estos dos componentes enunciados facilita una nueva construcción estética que da pie, en su esencia, a un tipo de poesía que, en gran medida, es deudora de los efectos expresivos de la metáfora.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), Portugal. Fundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) no âmbito do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, da Universidade do Minho) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mapping and linking supply- and demand-side measures in climate-smart agriculture. A review

Climate change and food security are two of humanity’s greatest challenges and are highly interlinked. On the one hand, climate change puts pressure on food security. On the other hand, farming significantly contributes to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This calls for climate-smart agriculture—agriculture that helps to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture measures are diverse and include emission reductions, sink enhancements, and fossil fuel offsets for mitigation. Adaptation measures include technological advancements, adaptive farming practices, and financial management. Here, we review the potentials and trade-offs of climate-smart agricultural measures by producers and consumers. Our two main findings are as follows: (1) The benefits of measures are often site-dependent and differ according to agricultural practices (e.g., fertilizer use), environmental conditions (e.g., carbon sequestration potential), or the production and consumption of specific products (e.g., rice and meat). (2) Climate-smart agricultural measures on the supply side are likely to be insufficient or ineffective if not accompanied by changes in consumer behavior, as climate-smart agriculture will affect the supply of agricultural commodities and require changes on the demand side in response. Such linkages between demand and supply require simultaneous policy and market incentives. It, therefore, requires interdisciplinary cooperation to meet the twin challenge of climate change and food security. The link to consumer behavior is often neglected in research but regarded as an essential component of climate-smart agriculture. We argue for not solely focusing research and implementation on one-sided measures but designing good, site-specific combinations of both demand- and supply-side measures to use the potential of agriculture more effectively to mitigate and adapt to climate change

[La filière tomate en Europe et Amérique du Nord : première approche]

International audienceSur le thème de la globalisation, la littérature de ces dernières années est abondante et une partie significative est consacrée à l'analyse des filières de produits internationaux. Ce type de recherche consiste à comparer, dans les contextes régionaux ou mondiaux, les modes d'expansion géographique des filières ainsi que leur impact sur les dispositifs économiques et sociaux qui les structurent. L'objectif est de voir s'il y a ou non convergence des processus de changement, en particulier dans le cas de la filière tomate en Europe et en Amérique du Nord pour la consommation en produits frais. Pour cela, on examine les changements récents induits par une série de facteurs communs aux deux espaces : introductions de nouvelles variétés, infléchissement qualitatif de la demande, accords commerciaux régionaux (ALENA et UE) et structures de production

Farming livelihoods and landscapes: Tensions in rural development and environmental regulation

European rural development scholars have been preoccupied with how to understand the pace and scope of rural landscape change, as increasingly liberalized market economic policies and stringent environmental mandates shape contemporary landscapes and livelihoods. Recent efforts to document and theorize the new practices occurring in rural landscapes have produced two competing explanatory frameworks of rural change, one of which asserts a paradigm shift in rural development based around new agri-food networks and the expansion of non-agriculturally related activities in the landscape, while the other argues there is more continuity than change in current practices. The paper presents a case study of livestock farming in Devon, southwest England, a region where agriculture is central to the iconography of the area and yet is under threat by environmental and economic challenges. Based on in-depth interviews and extensive surveys with nearly 80 farmers in a catchment in Devon, we find that most of the changes farmers are making in response to these challenges are agri-centric 'coping strategies' embedded within a productivist framework, rather than constituting a new paradigm of rural development. © 2010 Landscape Research Group Ltd

[La filière tomate en Europe et Amérique du Nord : première approche]

International audienceSur le thème de la globalisation, la littérature de ces dernières années est abondante et une partie significative est consacrée à l'analyse des filières de produits internationaux. Ce type de recherche consiste à comparer, dans les contextes régionaux ou mondiaux, les modes d'expansion géographique des filières ainsi que leur impact sur les dispositifs économiques et sociaux qui les structurent. L'objectif est de voir s'il y a ou non convergence des processus de changement, en particulier dans le cas de la filière tomate en Europe et en Amérique du Nord pour la consommation en produits frais. Pour cela, on examine les changements récents induits par une série de facteurs communs aux deux espaces : introductions de nouvelles variétés, infléchissement qualitatif de la demande, accords commerciaux régionaux (ALENA et UE) et structures de production

Profile of Jenny Cirone, who keeps a flock of 250 sheep on Little Nash, Big Nash

Profile of Jenny Cirone, who keeps a flock of 250 sheep on Little Nash, Big Nash, and the Ladle islands. Her islands are the only ones in Maine to keep lambs year round. She is famous among Maine fishermen, as well, for fishing the area around South Addison for sixty years. Related story explains how she conducts her bi-annual sweeps, culling lambs beyond the islands\u27 capacity and taking them ashore for slaughter. Details, related photoessay

Primary meningitis due to Fusobacterium nucleatum successfully treated with ceftriaxone in a healthy adult male

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a rod-shaped gram-negative obligate anaerobe; this organism, and other anaerobes, are usually not a part of the culture performed for a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample. To date, four cases of Fusobacterium meningitis in adults have been published. We report successful treatment of a case of primary meningitis due to Fusobacterium nucleatum in an otherwise healthy 72-year-old male. Keywords: Bacterial meningitis, Fusobacterium infections, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Ceftriaxon