Investigation and prosecution of transnational women trafficking: the case of Ethiopia

Magister Legum - LLMHuman trafficking is a widespread and growing crime in the world. Trafficking by its nature involves movement from one place to another and in most cases, it comprises crossing international borders. Although the estimation of victims of trafficking stretches to 2 450 000, the number of prosecutions is less than 5 000. This indicates the challenges faced by many countries in the investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases. Transnational human trafficking is committed in different places, making investigation and prosecution very complex. This paper examines how investigation and prosecution can be carried out when the criminal acts are committed in different countries. It also examines how the issue of jurisdiction is entertained. Furthermore, it addresses who can be termed as “traffickers” in dealing with human trafficking issues. Ethiopia is facing a big problem in fighting human trafficking. Like most countries, the issue of human trafficking is closely related to women. Ethiopia uses the criminal justice system as a tool to eradicate women trafficking. The investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases face many problems which have a direct impact on the country‟s efforts to overcome human trafficking. Thus, this research will contribute significantly by highlighting deficits in the criminal justice system as it deals with the investigation and prosecution of women trafficking issues and by making recommendations with regards to them.South Afric

Determinants of hypertension among adults living in Bole Sub-city, Addis Ababa

Complications of hypertension account for 9.4 million deaths world wide every year. Evidences indicated that hypertension and elevated blood pressure are increasing partly due to increase in determinants. In Addis Ababa, there is limited information on determinants of hypertension among adults. Hence, this study aimed to assess determinants of hypertension among adults living in Bole Sub-city, Addis Ababa. Community based unmatched case-control study was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 122 cases and 244 controls. Data were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire and measurement of blood pressure, weight and height. Binary logistic regression model was used for data analysis. A total of 348 adults were included in the study with 95% response rate. The study showed that age (AOR=7.68, 95% CI: 2.31–25.48), average family monthly in come (AOR=6.39, CI: 1.60-25.55), family history of hypertension (AOR=4.50, CI: 1.14-17.62), body mass index (AOR=3.76, CI: 1.49-9.48), physical activity (AOR=3.66, CI: 1.21–11.07), tobacco use (AOR=8.99,CI:2.02-39.86), salt consumption (AOR=5.22, CI: 1.47-18.48), stress (AOR=5.18, CI:2.42–11.09), knowledge (AOR=8.82, CI: 3.14-24.72) and diabetic mellitus (AOR=8.42, CI: 1.44-48.97) were significantly associated with hypertension. Cases had higher exposure to risk factors of hypertension than controls. Age, average family monthly income, physical activity, saltcon sumption, diabetic mellitus, stress, tobacco use, body mass index, family history of hypertension and knowledge were associated with hypertension. There is a need to health education to prevent tobacco use, regular exercise, reduce salt consumption and other life style modifications to reduce hypertension

Trends and causes of neonatal mortality from 2010 to 2017 at a Health and Demographic Surveillance site in Northern Ethiopia

Background Half of global under-five mortalities is neonatal. The highest rates are found in low-income countries such as Ethiopia. Ethiopia has made progress in reducing under-five mortality, but neonatal mortality remains high. Evidence collected continuously at the community level is crucial for understanding the trends and causes of neonatal mortality. Objectives To analyse the trends and causes of neonatal mortality at the Kilte-Awlelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KAHDSS) site in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2017. Methods A descriptive study was conducted using data from neonates born between 2010 and 2017 at the KAHDSS site. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Causes of death were examined, and neonatal mortality trends were described using simple linear regression. Results The overall average neonatal mortality rate was 17/1000 live births (LBs). The rate increased from 12 per 1000 LBs in 2010 to 15 per 1000 LBs in 2017. The majority of neonatal deaths occurred during the first week of life, and more than one-half died at home. The leading causes were sepsis, pre-term birth (including respiratory distress), disease related to the perinatal period, birth asphyxia, and neonatal pneumonia. Conclusions The high neonatal mortality in Ethiopia requires urgent attention and action. Sepsis, preterm birth, perinatal diseases, asphyxia, and neonatal pneumonia are the leading causes of death in neonates. Facility- and community-based health services should target the leading causes of neonatal deaths