The effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on left ventricular diastolic function in thalassemia major patients

Talasemi major hastalarının çoğunda, kronik ve aşırı demir birikimi nedeni ile hemen hemen tüm organlarda işlev bozuklukları gelişmektedir . Talasemi major hastalarında en sık ölüm nedeni kardiyak komplikasyonlardır. Şelasyon tedavilerinden hastaların çoğu yarar görse de, tedaviye rağmen bazı hastalarda organ yetmezliği gelişmekte ve hastalar ölmektedirler. ApoE izoformlarının beta talasemili major hastalarında sol kalp yetmezliği gelişimi için bir risk faktörü olabileceği görüşü öne sürülmektedir. Türk toplumunda, talasemi major hastalarını, apoE polimorfizmi açısından değerlendiren bir çalışma tespit edilmemiştir. Çalışmamızda, Denizli ilindeki 40 talasemi major hastası ve 40 kontrol bireyinde PCR ve RFLP yöntemleri kullanarak apoE polimorfizm genotiplerini saptadık ve kardiyak fonksiyon bozukluğu ile apoE polimorfizmi arasındaki muhtemel ilişkiyi araştırdık. Çalışmamızda; sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyonu olan talasemi major ve sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyonu olmayan kontrol gruplarında ε4 allel sıklığı sırasıyla %16.7 ve %6.3 olarak saptandı. ε2 alleline, sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyonu olan talasemi major hasta grubunda rastlamadık. Sonuç olarak; talasemi major hastalarında sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyonu gelişimininde apoE polimorfizminin tek başına etkili olmadığı görüşündeyiz. Çalışmamızda kardiyak disfonksiyonu olan hastalarda ε2 allelinin bulunmaması, buna karşılık sağlıklı bireylerde bu allele rastlamış 1 ε2 olmamız, daha önceki çalışmalarda belirtilen allelinin kalp hastalıklarından koruyucu özelliğinin talasemi major hastalarında görülebilen sol kalp yetmezliği gelişiminde de etkili olabileceğinin bir göstergesi olarak yorumlanabilir. ε4 alleline, sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyonu olan talasemi major hastalarında daha sık rastlanmaktadır. ε4 alleli taşıyan sol ventrikül diyastolik disfonksiyonu olan talasemi major hastaları sol kalp yetmezliği gelişimi açısından daha yüksek risk altındadırlar. Bu yüzden, ε4 alleli taşıyan talasemi major hastalarının kardiyak fonksiyonları açısından daha sıkı takip edilmeleri gerektiğini düşünmekteyizSUMMARY In a majority of thalassemia major patients, organ dysfunctions are seen as a result of chronic and excess iron accumulation. Cardiac complications are the major cause of death in patients with thalassemia major. Though most of the patients benefit from the iron chelation therapy, some patients may die because of organ failure. It was proposed that apo E isoforms might be a risk factor in the development of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with beta- thalassemia major patients. To our knowlodge this is the first study evaluating apoE polymorphism in thalassemia major patients in Turkish population. In the present study we detected the apo E polymorphism by PCR- RFLP in 40 thalassemia major patients and 40 control subjects in Denizli. We investigated the possible relationship among apoE polymorphism and cardiac dysfunction in thalassemia major patients. The ε4 allel frequencies in thalassemia major patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and control group without left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were 16.7% and 6.3% respectively. ε2 allel was not detected in any of the thalassemia major patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. As a result; solely apo E polymorphism is not responsible for the development of left ventricular dysfunction in thalassemia major patients. It can be proposed that the detection of ε2 allel in healthy population and lacking in patients with cardiac dysfunction might be an indicator of the 1 importance of ε2 allel in the prevention of left heart failure in thalassemia major patients. ε4 allel is frequent in thalassemia major patients with diastolic dysfunction; thalassemia patients with diastolic dysfunction having ε4 allel are in a higher risk of left heart failure. ε4 allel carrier thalassemia major patients with left ventricular dysfunction should be considered carefully for the cardiac function

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Microbiological quality of the kavurma samples marketed in Erzurum, Turkey

Kavurma is a traditionally cooked or fried meat product and produced originally to conserve meat. The purpose of this research was to characterize the microbiological quality of retailed kavurma and evaluate potential causes for spoilage or poisoning. A total of 41 samples which were regular (large casings of 4-5 kg) or vacuum packaged were collected from different retail locations in Erzurum, Turkey, and subjected to following analyses: total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliforms, yeasts and moulds, Staphylococcus aureus, and clostridia counts, and the presence of Salmonella. Selected colonies from suitable media were subjected to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analysis to identify the bacteria. Results of the microbiological analysis showed that of the 41 samples, just 2 kavurma products had under countable TAMB while the others had 2.00-7.40 log CFU/g. Coliforms were present on 17% of the samples, ranging from 1,00 to 3.75 log CFU/g. Yeasts and moulds counts ranged from 1.00 to 5.48 log CFU/g. Just one sample had countable (3.66 log CFU/g) clostridia. Escherichia coli, Salmonella or Staphylococcus aureus were not determined with traditional methods. In some samples, high counts of indicator microorganisms i.e. coliforms, Clostridium and the presence of some pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Klebsiella pneumoniae would be alarming when considering public health, In the light of this research, it seems that a new understanding and effective implementation of hygienic principles should be enforced in the processing and marketing of the kavurma

The effect of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction release and allopurinol on the renal malondialdehyde and glutathione levels

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether relief of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) with or without antioxidant drug affect renal tissue malonedialdehyde (MDA) and glutathion (GSH) levels. Materials and methods: A total of 25 rats were used in this PUUO study. Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction was created by the burial of the upper one-third of the left ureter in the psoas muscle. The rats were sacrificed on 28th day following PUUO. Relief of the obstruction was performed twenty minutes before sacrifice by cutting the proximal ureter in reperfusion group. 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal allopurinol was administered 20 minutes before relief of obstruction in the antioxidant group. Renal tissue MDA and GSH levels were measured in both kidneys. Results: At the end of the study 5, 7 and 7 rats could only be interpreted in sham, reperfusion and antioxidant groups, respectively. While the mean left and right renal MDA and GSH levels were statistically different from each other in reperfusion group (P 0.05) and antioxidant (P > 0.05) group. Both the mean sham group left and right renal tissue MDA or GSH levels were significantly different from reperfusion group, but only the mean sham group left renal tissue MDA and right renal tissue GSH levels were not statistically different from antioxidant group (P 0.05). Conclusion: Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction leads to oxidative injury by relief of obstruction in both kidneys. The antioxidant allopurinol has a beneficial effect on renal MDA and GSH levels in both kidneys

Biochemical evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat bladder after acute urinary retention

Introduction: The aim of this study was to see the effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in acute urinary retention and to determine whether these effects would be normalized by different antioxidant agents. Materials and Methods: We used 37 male Wistar Albino rats in our research. We formed five groups totally, as a combination of 1 sham, 1 retention and 3 treatment groups including 5, 8, 8 male rats in each group respectively. In the treatment groups allopurinol and/or verapamil were used. After clamping the rat penile urethra, diuresis was forced and overdistension was maintained. After 30 minutes under overdistension the rat's bladder was emptied with 3F catheter. After reperfusion of their bladders and waiting for 30 minutes in this condition, the rats were sacrificed. Bladder tissue samples were taken and malondialdehyde (MDA) & myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurements were made. Results: In the retention group both MDA and MPO levels were increased significantly when compared with the sham group. In the treatment groups, decreases in MDA and MPO levels were found statistically important when compared with the retention group. We didn't find any significant difference between treatment and sham group, and within the treatment groups. Conclusion: The MDA and MPO increase in the retention group show that the decompression following acute urinary retention, leads ischemia reperfusion injury in the bladder and leukocytes have a role in this injury. We found that both allopurinol and verapamil were effective in decreasing the injury and the combination of these agents, compared with the mono-treatment, didn't make any additional benefit