The relationship between grain yield and waxy endosperm in Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench

In sorghum, a single recessive gene Wx conditions waxy endosperm type. While parental inbred lines and hybrids with waxy endosperm have been developed, there has been little to no adoption of these hybrids by producers, primarily because waxy hybrids consistently yield 5-10% less than non-waxy hybrids and end-use buyers will not pay for the utilization benefits. While current waxy germplasm does not yield competitively at this time, there is a question as to whether the yield reduction is due to a negative relationship between waxy per se or due to the lack of effort to develop high yielding waxy germplasm. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the waxy endosperm phenotype and grain yield in sorghum. From each of two F2 breeding populations segregating for waxy endosperm, 50 inbred lines were derived, selected only for homozygosity of endosperm type. No selection for yield was practiced during the development of these lines. Approximately 25 waxy and 25 non-waxy lines were selected for further evaluation from each population. These lines and a set of testcross hybrids were evaluated in four environments. When combined across environments and populations, waxy inbred lines and hybrids yielded 17% less than non-waxy inbred lines and hybrids. However, analysis of the individual inbred lines and hybrids indicated that several waxy inbred lines were competitive in yield with the best non-waxy genotypes. The results indicate that it should be possible to develop waxy hybrids that are competitive in yield, but that this will require additional breeding efforts to identify the correct inbred lines and hybrids

The genetic control of a photoperiod sensitive response in sorghum

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references: 48-52.Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.The genetics of maturity in sorghum have been well documented for many years, and it has become a model for research concerning the factors that affect maturity or photoperiodic response in tropical cereals. Sorghum geneticists have used the four maturity loci, Ma,, Ma2l Ma3, and Ma, (Quinby, 1974), to explain most of the variation in maturity in sorghum. However, there are numerous lines and populations that show variation in maturity that can not be explained by the four characterized maturity loci. Recently, an extremely photoperiod sensitive hybrid was discovered from the cross of two photoperiod insensitive lines. Hybrids from this cross are extremely photoperiod sensitive. When planted in central Texas in early April, hybrids from this cross will not flower until mid October. The objectives of this research were: (i) to determine the genetic inheritance of the photoperiod sensitivity in these sorghum lines and the relationship between Ma,, Ma,, Ma3 and Ma4, and the gene(s) controlling this photoperiod sensitivity, (ii) to determine what frequency of U.S.-adapted sorghums will produce photoperiod sensitive hybrids with this source, (iii) to develop segregating population for use in molecular mapping of the genes responsible for this response. EBA-3 is a breeding line of Argentina descent that flowers in approximately 70- 75 days. The U.S.-adapted germplasms have flowering dates ranging between 65-85 days after planting. F,- populations from the cross of EBA-3 by different U.S. sorghum lines were evaluated for photoperiod sensitivity in College Station in summer 1996 and 1997. The individuals in the F, population were classified into two phenotypic classes; photoperiod insensitive (anthesis prior to August 15) or photoperiod sensitive (anthesis after September 20). F2 segregation ratios indicate that two independent gene loci interact in complementary dominant epistasis to control photoperiod sensitivity in these lines. These initial results were EBA-3 was also hybridized to a set of milo maturity isolines to deten-nine if the observed phenotype is a result of new to deten-nine if the observed phenotype is a result of new In all cases, F, hybrids were photoperiod sensitive, indicating that the currently characterized alleles are not involved in this response. In addition, hybridization of EBA-3 to 29 different U.S.-adapted germplasms resulted in photoperiod sensitivity in every case. Our conclusions are that this photoperiod-sensitive reaction is conditioned by complementary dominant epistasis at two loci and that these loci are most likely different from Mal, Ma2, Ma3, and Ma,. Therefore, the two loci involved in this response should be designated Ma5and Ma,

Spatial Pseudo Panel Data Models with an Application to Mincer Wage Equations

The studies using Mincer equations are generally applied to cross-sectional data at the micro-level. There are however limited studies conducted with macro or panel data for wage equations. Pseudo panel data methods can be applied to empirical studies by creating cohorts from repeated cross-sectional data in the absence of genuine panel data. Difference in both the human and labour resources according to the spatial positions may also affect the prediction of the wage equations. We aim to introduce the application of spatial pseudo panel models by creating cohorts according to the birth years of employees and regions in which they live from the Turkish household labour survey for the period 2010– 2015. As a result, we find that the spatial autocorrelation model is appropriate for wage equations of Turkey. We also find that return of education on wages is 11% while return of experience on wages is 4%

Modulation of the excitatory phase following the cutaneous silent period by vibration

Introduction The post-inhibition excitatory phase (E3) of the cutaneous silent period (CSP) is attributed to the resynchronization of motoneuron activity following the inhibitory period but there is also evidence that a somatosensory startle reflex may contribute to this phase. We hypothesized that the startle reflex component contained in E3 will decrease during vibration. Methods Sixteen healthy individuals were included in the study. CSP was recorded from slightly contracted right thenar muscles after painful index finger stimulation, before, during, and immediately after vibration. The values of the percentage change of E3 relative to pre-stimulus baseline (E3%) were compared before, during, and after vibration for each individual. Results There was a reduction in E3% during vibration and the values returned to normal immediately after vibration (153.1 +/- 43.5%, 115.2 +/- 30.2%, 154.9 +/- 68.2%, respectively;p = 0.030). Discussion E3 is reduced during vibration in healthy individuals, presumably due to suppression of a reflex component, which is superimposed upon the known resynchronization of motoneurons

ISCHAEMIC STROKE AETIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN YOUNG PATIENTS

Objective: Recent years, the incidence of stroke has increased in patients aged below 50 years. We aimed to determine the aetiological subtypes of stroke and distribution of the risk factors and share clinical outcomes of patients with ischaemic stroke aged below 50 years

TPH1 A218 allele is associated with suicidal behavior in Turkish population

WOS: 000381843600004PubMed ID: 27497328Background: Serotonergic dysfunction is implicated in depression, psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviors. The first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of serotonin is catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) which is encoded by TPH1 and THP2 genes. Genetic association studies have revealed contradictory results about the effect of the TPH1 A218C (rs1800532) polymorphism on suicidal behavior in different populations. Material and method: In this study, we investigated A218C polymorphism in 109 suicide attempters and 98 healthy controls. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants were obtained through questionnaire. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genotyping was performed by Real Time PCR. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the significance of the difference among the independent variables. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using Pearson's goodness-of-fit chi-squared test. Results: The frequency of A allele was significantly higher in suicide attempters than controls (46.33% vs. 35.71%, p = 0.0357). However, there were no differences in genotype frequencies of this locus between participants having attempted suicide and controls (p > 0.05). Among males, frequencies of CC genotype and C allele were found to be significantly higher in controls (p = 0.0125, p = 0.0298). With regard to the female subjects and female controls, no significant association was detected between suicidal behavior and genotype/allele frequencies (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that A allele of TPH1 A218C polymorphism may be associated with suicidal behavior in Turkish population. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Ege University Research FundsEge University [2012 TIP-089]This project is supported by Ege University Research Funds (Project No. 2012 TIP-089)

Electrophysiological Evaluation of Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With Edwards SAPIEN Prosthesis

Aims. Permanent pacemaker requirement is a known complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of Edwards SAPIEN prosthesis implantation on atrioventricular conduction. Methods. The study included 28 patients who underwent TAVI due to severe aortic valve stenosis. An electrophysiological study was performed in the catheterization room immediately before the initial balloon valvuloplasty and immediately after Edwards SAPIEN prosthesis implantation. Results. His-ventricle interval was significantly prolonged postprocedure (55.9 +/- 11.5 ms) vs preprocedure (47.3 +/- 7.8 ms) (P<.001). The antegrade Wenckebach point was observed to be significantly prolonged postprocedure (354.4 +/- 41.3 ms) vs preprocedure (333.7 +/- 45.4 ms) (P=.001). Despite atrial-His interval prolongation, it was not statistically significant. After the procedure, we observed significant conduction disturbances in 3 patients (10.7%). These conduction problems recovered before discharge. One of the patients (3.6%) with right bundle branch block + left anterior fascicular block required permanent pacemaker implantation. At postprocedure electrocardiogram, QRS duration increased, QRS axis shifted to the left, and both of the values became normal before discharge. The patient's echocardiographic and clinical parameters were improved during follow-up. Conclusion. The effect of Edwards SAPIEN on the conduction system was mostly infranodal and temporary. The physical properties of the Edwards SAPIEN prosthesis may explain this observation. This complication may be lessened if the frame height characteristics can be improved

Ameliorative Effects of Testosterone Administration on Renal Redox Homeostasis in Naturally Aged Rats

Background: Testosterone biosynthesis gradually decreases with age. Impaired redox homeostasis-related oxidative damage in cellular macromolecules has a high risk for the development of renal insufficiency. Our aim was to study the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on redox homeostasis. Methods: We investigated various oxidative damage biomarkers in kidney. Experimental animals were separated into three groupsnaturally aged rats, testosterone-administered naturally aged rats (single dose of 25mg/kg testosterone enanthate), and their respective young controls. Results: Our results showed that the testosterone-administered naturally aged group shared significant similarities with the young rats with respect to their redox status. In testosterone-administered naturally aged rats, kynurenine, protein carbonyl, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid peroxidation markers, and xanthine oxidase activities were significantly lower and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities and testosterone levels were higher than naturally aged rats. In testosterone-administered naturally aged rats, catalase activities, ferric reducing anti-oxidant power, and testosterone levels were significantly lower and dityrosine, N-formyl kynurenine, protein carbonyl, and protein hydroperoxides were significantly higher than in young rats. On the other hand, in naturally aged rats, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, ferric reducing anti-oxidant power, and testosterone levels were lower and dityrosine, kynurenine, protein carbonyl, protein hydroperoxide, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid peroxidation markers, advanced glycation end products, and xanthine oxidase activities were higher than controls. Conclusions: Our results showed that a single dose of testosterone administration has a positive effect on the redox status of the aged kidney. Future studies are needed to clarify the exact molecular mechanism(s) involved in the action of testosterone in maintaining kidney redox homeostasis