A Case of Idiopathic Diffuse Pneumoperitoneum Presented with Neonatal Abdominal Color Change

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the leading cause of intestinal perforation and pneumoperitoneum in neonates. In addition, neonatal pneumoperitoneum includes several conditions requiring surgery, such as gastric and duodenal perforation, intestinal atresia, volvulus, meconium ileus, and Hirschsprung’s disease. A type of pneumoperitoneum in which intra-abdominal free air is detected through direct X-ray; however, no cause is found clinically and radiologically during the surgery is named “benign pneumoperitoneum”. Case report: This case report presents a 5-day-old male newborn who is presented with complaints of abdominal color change and vomiting and is diagnosed with Idiopathic Benign Pneumoperitoneum (IBP) during the operation. Neonatal pneumoperitoneum usually occurs as a result of perforation and requires emergency surgery. Rare cases of IBP should also be kept in mind. Unnecessary surgery can be prevented by establishing a differential diagnosis with clinical, laboratory, and imaging methods.   Conclusion: This case demonstrated that laparotomy is not a true routine in neonates with IBP if a timely diagnosis is established

Geometric transformations through quantitative reasoning

In this chapter, we provide a conceptual analysis of the concept of isometry (translation, rotations, reflections) as it pertains to quantitative reasoning (QR). We first define geometric transformations from a mathematical standpoint and then build on the relevant literature to explain our rationale for investigating isometries via focusing on the QR framework. We then detail how isometries can be conceptualized based on QR notions (e.g., multiplicative object, continuous covariational reasoning) and finally discuss curricular and instructional implications

Introduction: Quantitative reasoning in mathematics and science education in the digital era

No abstract available

Comparison of Efficacy of Beractant and Poractant Treatment Performed with Minimal Invasive Technique

Background: The literature review has demonstrated the short-term benefits of minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) in spontaneously breathing preterm neonates. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of beractant and poractant alfa treatments performed with the MIST method in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and its effect on preterm morbidity and mortality. Methods: The patients diagnosed with RDS less than 35 weeks of gestational age and stabilized with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in the delivery room were screened retrospectively. The cases were divided into two groups of beractant (BG) and poractant alfa (PG). While the BG (n=24) consisted of patients receiving beractant treatment with MIST during nCPAP, the PG (n=34) were those subjected to poractant alfa treatment. Results: It was found out that in PG the scores of surfactant reflux to esophagus and desaturation during surfactant administration were significantly lower (P=0.012 and P=0.009, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, pneumothorax, intubation rate in postnatal 72 h, total period of intubation, nCPAP, duration of hospitalization, and mortality rate. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, surfactant reflux to esophagus and desaturation during the intervention procedure were lower in the PG group, most probably due to a lower volume of poractant than beractant. However, since a small number of patients were included in this study, it is recommended to perform further studies consisting of a larger number of cases

Artificial neural network approaches for prediction of backwater through arched bridge constrictions

This paper presents the findings of laboratory model testing of arched bridge constrictions in a rectangular open channel flume whose bed slope was fixed at zero. Four different types of arched bridge models, namely single opening semi-circular arch (SOSC), multiple opening semi-circular arch (MOSC), single opening elliptic arch (SOE), and multiple opening elliptic arch (MOE), were used in the testing program. The normal crossing (phi = 0), and five different skew angles (phi = 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, and 50 degrees) were tested for each type of arched bridge model. The main aim of this study is to develop a suitable model for estimating backwater through arched bridge constrictions with normal and skewed crossings. Therefore, different artificial neural network approaches, namely multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis neural network (RBNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and multi-linear and multi-nonlinear regression models, MLR and MNLR, respectively were used. Results of these experimental studies were compared with those obtained by the MLP, RBNN, GRNN, MILK and MNLR approaches. The MLP produced more accurate predictions than those of the others. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Turkey: a National Point-Prevalence Survey.

Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The objective of this point prevalence study was to assess the burden of HCAIs in PICUs in Turkey. Fifty PICUs participated in this study. Data regarding demographics, microbiological findings, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes were collected for all PICU inpatients. A total of 327 patients participated in the study: 122 (37%) experienced 1 or more HCAI. The most frequently reported site of infection was lower respiratory tract (n=77, 63%). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, and Candida species. Two hundred and forty-seven patients (75%) were receiving antimicrobial therapy at the time of the survey, and the most frequently administered antimicrobials were third generation cephalosporins. Hospital type, male, PICU stay >7 days, and mechanical ventilation were found to be independent risk factors for HCAIs. At the 4-week follow up, 43 (13%) patients had died, 28 (65%) of whom died of HCAIs. Endotracheal intubation, urinary catheter, male, and HCAIs were independent risk factors for mortality. This national, multicenter study documented a high prevalence of HCAIs in Turkey. In light of the 'primum non nocere' principle, the prevention of these infections should be a priority of public health policy