Hubungan Kecukupan Asupan Energi dan Makronutrien dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia 5-7 Tahun di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur Tahun 2012

Status gizi merupakan parameter yang dapat mengetahui masalah kesehatan di suatu daerah ataunegara. Hingga saat ini prevalensi masalah gizi di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi dan masalah gizi kronisakan menimbulkan komplikasi jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungankecukupan asupan energi dan makronutrien dengan status gizi pada anak usia 5-7 tahun. Desainpenelitian ini adalah observasional-analitik potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder. Status giziditentukan dengan indeks berat badan menurut usia (BB/U) dan tinggi badan menurut usia (TB/U).Data yang dianalisis adalah data yang memenuhi kelengkapan tanggal lahir, pengukuran antropometri,serta analisis food recall 24 jam. Besar sampel penelitian ini adalah 122 anak. Analisis statistik yangdigunakan adalah metode Fisher. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan  bermakna antarakecukupan asupan protein dengan status gizi (indeks BB/U: p=0,024; indeks TB/U: p=0,037). Tidakterdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kecukupan asupan energi dengan status gizi (indeks BB/U:p=0,358; indeks TB/U: p=0,733), kecukupan asupan lemak dengan status gizi (indeks BB/U: p=1,000;indeks TB/U: p=1,000), dan kecukupan asupan karbohidrat status gizi (indeks BB/U: p=0,462; indeksTB/U: p=1,000). Disimpulkan asupan energi dan makronutrien berhubungan dengan status gizi anak

Cooking behavior among mothers of children aged 2–5 years old in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract Background Cooking at home was associated with parental feeding practices. This study aimed to explore the interplay of components in cooking behavior of mothers with young children aged 2–5 years old in Kendari city of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods This qualitative study involved 33 mothers from Kendari city, which was represented by each two sub-districts in coastal and mainland areas that were randomlyselected. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out using 20-item guide questions. The guide questions were developed following the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (MGDB) theory approach exploring the components of cooking behavior i.e., skill, intention, desire, confidence, and attitude in cooking. Data analysis was performed in the field to assist decision on data saturation, followed by data analysis at desk through multilevel coding from the verbatim transcripts using NVivo R1 software. The data was analyzed thematically using pre-determined themes according to the MGDB theory. Emerging topics on enabling factors and constraints were captured to enhance our understanding of the complexity of cooking behavior. Results The mothers’ mean age was about 30 years old with a comparable representation of younger and older mothers. Most mothers were housewives and accomplished secondary school level. The mothers’ intention was shown as they frequently cooked at home and allocated time for cooking. The enabling factors included their knowledge about food and nutrition, food source availability, their confidence in cooking meals and following recipes, and their motivation to keep their children healthy representing some intrinsic factors. The main constraint was the lack of skill to make snacks. The other extrinsic barriers were dependence on mobile food sellers and the availability of food kiosks that facilitated children’s snack preferences. Conclusion The study obtained some insights that mothers had favorable cooking intention and desire, were supported with a confidence in some basic cooking skills. However, the existing constraints that encouraged the development of unfavorable children’s snacking habit were beyond the mothers’ control. A cookbook specifically for snack recipes that utilizes local ingredients may assist mother in preparing more healthier options for the children

Correction: Dengue seroprevalence and force of primary infection in a representative population of urban dwelling Indonesian children.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005621.]

Dengue seroprevalence and force of primary infection in a representative population of urban dwelling Indonesian children

<div><p>Background</p><p>Indonesia reports the second highest dengue disease burden in the world; these data are from passive surveillance reports and are likely to be significant underestimates. Age-stratified seroprevalence data are relatively unbiased indicators of past exposure and allow understanding of transmission dynamics.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>To better understand dengue infection history and associated risk factors in Indonesia, a representative population-based cross-sectional dengue seroprevalence study was conducted in 1–18-year-old urban children. From October to November 2014, 3,210 children were enrolled from 30 geographically dispersed clusters. Serum samples were tested for anti-dengue IgG antibodies by indirect ELISA. A questionnaire investigated associations between dengue serologic status and household socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Overall, 3,194 samples were tested, giving an adjusted national seroprevalence in this urban population of 69.4% [95% CI: 64.4–74.3] (33.8% [95% CI: 26.4–41.2] in the 1–4-year-olds, 65.4% [95% CI: 69.1–71.7] in the 5–9-year-olds, 83.1% [95% CI: 77.1–89.0] in the 10–14-year-olds, and 89.0% [95% CI: 83.9–94.1] in the 15–18-year–olds). The median age of seroconversion estimated through a linear model was 4.8 years. Using a catalytic model and considering a constant force of infection we estimated 13.1% of children experience a primary infection per year. Through a hierarchical logistic multivariate model, the subject’s age group (1–4 vs 5–9 OR = 4.25; 1–4 vs. 10–14 OR = 12.60; and 1–4 vs 15–18 OR = 21.87; p<0.0001) and the number of cases diagnosed in the household since the subject was born (p = 0.0004) remained associated with dengue serological status.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>This is the first dengue seroprevalence study in Indonesia that is targeting a representative sample of the urban paediatric population. This study revealed that more than 80% of children aged 10 years or over have experienced dengue infection at least once. Prospective incidence studies would likely reveal dengue burdens far in excess of reported incidence rates.</p></div

Mean age-specific dengue antibody seroprevalence distribution and 95% confidence interval.

<p>Mean age-specific dengue antibody seroprevalence distribution and 95% confidence interval.</p

Study flow chart.

<p>Study flow chart.</p

Map of Indonesia showing the ranking of provinces from West to East and study sites’ geographic distribution.

<p>Provinces with at least one site are coloured in grey. Developed with QGIS 1.8.0 using data from Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project¹⁸.</p

Result of the multivariate hierarchical logistic model of variables associated with dengue seropositive status.

<p>Result of the multivariate hierarchical logistic model of variables associated with dengue seropositive status.</p