Studies on removal of chloride from soak liquor

Rice bran is converted into activated charcoal by treating wilh conc. H2S04 and is used as an adsorbent for the removal of chloride present in the tannery soak liquor upto a concentration of 35,000 mgm/litre. It was found to be effetive at the pH. Efrect of the constituents of rice bran on adsorption has also been studied. Infra-red spectra of the samples and the T. L. C. showed that the adsorption is only a physical phenomenon. The rate of adsorption of chloride over the charcoal was determined as 9.150 × 10-3/min. The adsorption passes through triple layer formation as shown by adsorption isotherm. The charcoal removes chloride to the extent of 0.9800 m ep/gm. of the charcoal. The soluble proteins present in the soak liquor are also removed with 100% efficiency. The B. O.D, C.O.D and colour of the soak liquor Were seen to be reduced reduced after passing throuh the charcoal

Hydrolysis of proteinaceous tannery solid waste for the production of extracellular acidic protease by Selenomonas ruminantium

The objective of this study was to produce protease from Selenomonas ruminantium using animal fleshing (ANFL), an untanned tannery solid waste as the sole protein source. Optimization of the minimal medium composition for the production of protease was carried out by a statistical approach using response surface methodology (RSM) which includes the variables such as NH4Cl, K2HPO4, KH2PO4 and NaCl. The isolate was found to produce maximum protease at pH 6 and at a temperature of about 40°C. Protease was purified 56 fold with a total yield of 28.14%. The enzyme was found to be monomeric having a molecular weight around 53 kDa. The purified enzyme was stable at a pH of about 4 revealing its acid protease nature and was also found to be stable up to 40°C. The enzyme was activated by divalent cations like Ca2+ and Mg2+ and inhibited by dithiothreitol (DTT), where the latter suggested its cysteine protease nature. The enzyme had good stability in the presence of non-ionic surfactants like tween 20, tween 40, tween 80 and triton X100 and also in the presence of solvents like methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. These characteristics reveal the potential of the enzyme for different industrial applications.Keywords: Acid protease, animal fleshing, optimization, response surface methodology (RSM), Selenomonas ruminantiu

Minor stroke due to large artery occlusion. When is intravenous thrombolysis not enough? Results from the SITS International Stroke Thrombolysis Register

Purpose: Beyond intravenous thrombolysis, evidence is lacking on acute treatment of minor stroke caused by large artery occlusion. To identify candidates for additional endovascular therapy, we aimed to determine the frequency of non-haemorrhagic early neurological deterioration in patients with intravenous thrombolysis-treated minor stroke caused by occlusion of large proximal and distal cerebral arteries. Secondary aims were to establish risk factors for non-haemorrhagic early neurological deterioration and report three-month outcomes in patients with and without non-haemorrhagic early neurological deterioration. Method: We analysed data from the SITS International Stroke Thrombolysis Register on 2553 patients with intravenous thrombolysis-treated minor stroke (NIH Stroke Scale scores 0–5) and available arterial occlusion data. Non-haemorrhagic early neurological deterioration was defined as an increase in NIH Stroke Scale score ≥4 at 24 h, without parenchymal hematoma on follow-up imaging within 22–36 h. Findings: The highest frequency of non-haemorrhagic early neurological deterioration was seen in 30% of patients with terminal internal carotid artery or tandem occlusions (internal carotid artery + middle cerebral artery) (adjusted odds ratio: 10.3 (95% CI 4.3–24.9), p < 0.001) and 17% in extracranial carotid occlusions (adjusted odds ratio 4.3 (2.5–7.7), p < 0.001) versus 3.1% in those with no occlusion. Proximal middle cerebral artery-M1 occlusions had non-haemorrhagic early neurological deterioration in 9% (adjusted odds ratio 2.1 (0.97–4.4), p = 0.06). Among patients with any occlusion and non-haemorrhagic early neurological deterioration, 77% were dead or dependent at three months. Conclusions: Patients with minor stroke caused by internal carotid artery occlusion, with or without tandem middle cerebral artery involvement, are at high risk of disabling deterioration, despite intravenous thrombolysis treatment. Acute vessel imaging contributes usefully even in minor stroke to identify and consider endovascular treatment, or intensive monitoring at a comprehensive stroke centre, for patients at high risk of neurological deterioration

Gradient High Performance Liquid Chromatography method for determination of related substances in (7-{4-[4-(1-Benzothiophen-4-YL] Butoxy} Quinolin-2(1H)-one) dosage form

A sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of related substances in Brexpiprazole in drug Product. The developed method is found to be specific, reproducible, and stability indicating. Kromasil100-5 C18 (150x4.6mm), 5μ column was used and mobile phase consisted of mixture of phosphate buffer of pH5.2 and ACN in gradient program is used at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min at a wave length of 215 nm. The detector linearity was established from concentrations ranging from LOQ-150% of specification level with a correlation co-efficient of 0.999. The method was also validated for specificity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, robustness, precision. The method is proved to be robust with respect to change in flow rate, pH, organic phase composition and column temperature. The proposed method is found to be sensitive, precise, rapid, reproducible, and offers good column life. Keywords: RP-HPLC; Stability indicating method; Brexpiprazole; validation

Cytotoxic effect of crude venom isolated from Sea anemone Calliactis tricolor on human cancer cell lines

601-609The present study was made to analyze the antiproliferative effect of crude venom isolated from sea anemone Calliactis tricolor against human cancer cell lines such as Human Neuroblastoma cell (SHSY5Y), Human Lung Cancer cells (A549) and Human Colon Cancer cells (HT-29). The protein profile of venom was performed by Native PAGE and subunit profile was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of crude venom against SHSY5Y, A549, HT-29 and Vero cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay method. All the cells exposed to crude venom showed dose-dependent cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 60 µg/ml for both SHSY5Y and A549 cells and 75 µg/ml for HT-29 cells compared to with IC50 of 100 µg/ml for the Vero cell control. The significant decrease in cell viability was observed in SHSY5Y Human Neuroblastoma cells among other cancer cells. The cellular and nuclear morphological observations revealed the loss of cell morphological integrity along with the prominent damage of nucleus in the cell. This was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay. Based on the preliminary results, it could be clearly stated that the crude venom of C. tricolor may have a potential anti-cancerous molecules which can be further explored and used as a tool for Neuroblastoma chemotherapy. 

High-level synthesis design of scalable ultrafast ultrasound beamformer with single FPGA

Ultrafast ultrasound imaging is essential for advanced ultrasound imaging techniques such as ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) and functional ultrasound (fUS). Current ultrafast ultrasound imaging is challenged by the ultrahigh data bandwidth associated with the radio frequency (RF) signal, and by the latency of the computationally expensive beamforming process. As such, continuous ultrafast data acquisition and beamforming remain elusive with existing software beamformers based on CPUs or GPUs. To address these challenges, the proposed work introduces a novel method of implementing an ultrafast ultrasound beamformer specifically for ultrafast plane wave imaging (PWI) on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) by using high-level synthesis. A parallelized implementation of the beamformer on a single FPGA was proposed by 1) utilizing a delay compression technique to reduce the delay profile size, which enables both run-time pre-calculated delay profile loading from external memory and delay reuse 2) vectorizing channel data fetching which is enabled by delay reuse, and 3) using fixed summing networks to reduce consumption of logic resources. Our proposed method presents two unique advantages over current FPGA beamformers: 1) high scalability that allows fast adaptation to different FPGA resources and beamforming speed demands by using Xilinx High-Level Synthesis as the development tool, and 2) allow a compact form factor design by using a single FPGA to complete the beamforming instead of multiple FPGAs. With the proposed method, a sustainable average beamforming rate of 4.83 G samples/second in terms of input raw RF sample was achieved. The resulting image quality of the proposed beamformer was compared with the software beamformer on the Verasonics Vantage system for both phantom imaging and in vivo imaging of a mouse brain

Observed and simulated responses of two sorghum cultivars to different water regimes

The responses to different water treatments of two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars, a hybrid (CSH 8) and a local variety (M 35-1), were studied on an Alfisol (Udic Rhodustalfs) at ICRISAT Centre, Patancheru during the post-rainy seasons of 1979/1980 and 1980/1981. Two water treatments, irrigated and drought-stress, were created by applying water five or three times during each of the growing seasons. Observed responses were compared with the simulated data using the sorghum simulation model SORGF. Neither observed nor simulated durations of growth stages were affected by drought-stress. Comparisons between observed and simulated duration of growth stages showed that the model simulated phenological development with good accuracy. Drought-stress coefficient calculations were based on the availability of water in the soil profile; simulated drought-stress coefficients agreed well with observed values. Observed and simulated grain yields of CSH 8 were higher than those of M 35-1 under both the irrigated and drought-stressed conditions. The correlation coefficients between observed and simulated total dry matter and grain yield data pooled over two water treatments, two cultivars, and two seasons were respectively 0.80 and 0.92. Comparisons between observed and simulated reductions in TDM and grain yield showed that the model is sufficiently sensitive to simulate the response of sorghum to drought-stres