A deadlock-free routing algorithm can be generated for arbitrary interconnection networks using the concept of virtual channels. A necessary and sufficient condition for deadlockfree routing is the absence of cycles in the channel dependency graph. Given an arbitrary network and a routing function, the cycles of the channel dependency graph can be removed by splitting physical channels into groups of virtual channels. This method is used to develop deadlock-free routing algorithms for k-ary n-cubes, for cube connected cycles, and for shuffleexchange networks
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