Percepciones de madres de familia y docentes sobre el uso prolongado de las TICs y el internet en estudiantes de escuelas primaria

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) y el internet han impactado positiva y negativamente en la vida de un sinnúmero de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el mundo. Actualmente se ha incrementado el tiempo y la frecuencia de acceso desde múltiples dispositivos y plataformas para obtener información sobre cualquier tema de manera fácil y rápida, lo que genera ventajas para la adquisición de aprendizajes y habilidades tecnológicas; sin embargo, el uso extendido e indiscriminado por parte de los usuarios está asociado a diversos riesgos por el tipo de contenidos al que se encuentran expuestos, modas que promueven valores negativos, malos hábitos y riesgos para la salud. Este artículo analiza las percepciones de algunas madres de familia y docentes sobre el uso prolongado de las TICs y el internet en estudiantes de dos escuelas primarias (una pública y otra particular), ubicadas en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas. Mediante un estudio de casos cualitativo se recabó información mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación no participante. Algunos hallazgos señalan que las TICs y el internet apoyan el desarrollo de competencias educativas, [i]fortalecen la adquisición de aprendizajes de manera globalizada y, además, permiten compartir información e interactuar con otras personas y contextos. Por otro lado, estos hallazgos expresan que su uso extensivo puede producir bajo aprovechamiento escolar, problemas de conducta, sedentarismo, repercusiones negativas en la salud, adicciones, trastornos alimenticios, dificultades para socializar y convivir, conflictos familiares, entre otros

Obstetric complications and genetic risk for schizophrenia: Differential role of antenatal and perinatal events in first episode psychosis

Background: Obstetric complications (OCs) are key contributors to psychosis risk. However, it is unclear whether they increase psychosis vulnerability independently of genetic risk, in interaction with it, or are a manifestation of psychosis proneness. We examined the role of distinct types of OCs in terms of psychosis risk and tested whether they interact differently with genetic vulnerability, whilst accounting for other known environmental risk factors. Study Design: 405 participants (219 first episode psychosis patients and 186 healthy volunteers) underwent a comprehensive assessment of OCs, measured using the Lewis-Murray scale and divided into complications of pregnancy, abnormalities of foetal growth and development, and complications of delivery. Participants were compared in terms of history of OCs, polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ) and interactions between these. Results: Both complications of pregnancy and abnormalities of foetal growth were significantly associated with case–control status (p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), whereas complications of delivery were not. PRS-SZ showed a significant association with psychosis (p = 0.04), but there were no significant interactions between genetic risk for schizophrenia and OCs, either when these were considered globally or separated based on their timeframe. Conclusions: We observed no significant interaction between genetic and obstetric vulnerability, yet distinct types of OCs may have a different impact on psychosis risk, based on their nature and timeframe. Examining their differential role might clarify their relative contributions to this risk

Gene co-expression architecture in peripheral blood in a cohort of remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients

A better understanding of schizophrenia subtypes is necessary to stratify the patients according to clinical attributes. To explore the genomic architecture of schizophrenia symptomatology, we analyzed blood co-expression modules and their association with clinical data from patients in remission after a first episode of schizophrenia. In total, 91 participants of the 2EPS project were included. Gene expression was assessed using the Clariom S Human Array. Weighted-gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modules of co-expressed genes and to test its correlation with global functioning, clinical symptomatology, and premorbid adjustment. Among the 25 modules identified, six modules were significantly correlated with clinical data. These modules could be clustered in two groups according to their correlation with clinical data. Hub genes in each group showing overlap with risk genes for schizophrenia were enriched in biological processes related to metabolic processes, regulation of gene expression, cellular localization and protein transport, immune processes, and neurotrophin pathways. Our results indicate that modules with significant associations with clinical data showed overlap with gene sets previously identified in differential gene-expression analysis in brain, indicating that peripheral tissues could reveal pathogenic mechanisms. Hub genes involved in these modules revealed multiple signaling pathways previously related to schizophrenia, which may represent the complex interplay in the pathological mechanisms behind the disease. These genes could represent potential targets for the development of peripheral biomarkers underlying illness traits in clinical remission stages after a first episode of schizophrenia