FEM-based comparison of models to predict dynamic recrystallization during orthogonal cutting of AISI 4140

Machining processes induce a thermo-mechanical load collective on the surface layer, which leads to grain refinement of varying depths depending on several factors apart from the workpiece. The size relation of the cutting edge radius to the cutting depth (relative roundness) as well as the cutting edge microgeometry influence the generation of nanocrystalline layers. In this work several models to predict dynamic recrystallization during orthogonal cutting of AISI 4140 are compared using 2D FEM-models considering both, relative roundness and cutting edge microgeometry

Influence of anisotropy of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg parts on chip formation during orthogonal cutting

Anisotropic behavior of metals can influence manufacturing processes including acting thermo-mechanical loads and resulting surface layer states. In additive manufacturing, the build-up direction influences material states like microstructure, density distribution and stress fields, possibly leading to anisotropic behavior. In this work, additively manufactured AlSi10Mg is characterized in tension tests in order to determine the anisotropic material deformation behavior due to the build-up procedure. This was implemented in 2D cutting simulations using finite element method. Additionally, orthogonal cutting experiments were performed in order to determine process forces and chip formation, which finally were used in order to validate simulations

Milling parameter and tool wear dependent surface quality in micro-milling of brass

Short life-time and high tool costs still remain major constraints for the micro-milling process. Understanding the wear mechanisms and their effects on the workpiece quality is essential for efficient tool usage. Usually, wear increases the cutting forces and reduces the emerging surface quality during the micro-milling process. Due to high tool costs, cutting parameters are usually chosen for optimal tool lifetime and/or process time rather than optimal surface quality. The scope of this paper is to investigate the correlation of the process parameters, strategy and wear status of the tool on the resulting surface topography. To reach this goal, micro-milling experiments were conducted, in which several grooves were milled using two end milling tools, new and worn, with a diameter of 1.5 mm and four cutting edges. The cutting speed and feed were varied, as well as the cutting direction. Brass was chosen as workpiece material to ensure a constant wear state of the tools during the experiments. During the cutting process the process forces were recorded and examined for their magnitude and frequency response. Furthermore, the grooves were analyzed optically for their surface roughness. The roughness shows in most cases slightly higher values for the specimen manufactured with the worn tool than the ones done with the new tool. The biggest influence on the surface roughness results from the feed rate, while cutting speed and milling strategy have a smaller influence. The measured cutting forces show similar tendencies, than the resulting surface roughness. The results show also a significant influence of tool wear on the vibration behavior during the process, while the influence of feed rate is mostly negligible. This results partly from the greater tool runout and bigger deviation of the cutting edges