Analysis of Healthcare Professionals’ and Institutions’ Roles in Twitter Colostomy Information

Social media represents a powerful tool for disseminating verified health information on topics such as colostomy, and the roles of healthcare professionals and institutions to ensure the veracity of the information conveyed is increasingly relevant. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the roles of these healthcare professionals and institutions in the conversation about colostomy, without being framed in a specific health communication campaign, and to know the use of reliable information in the conversation. The study was carried out by analyzing Twitter messages containing the hashtag “colostomy” and “Chron” between the 1 January and the 30 April 2022. It was conducted using the NodeXL software, focusing on content analysis of tweets and users’ accounts. The results show that accounts with healthcare activity influence the impressions generated on the network (p = 0.018), finding that nurses are the most active healthcare professionals (22.24%) also having a significant effect on the overall network interactions (p = 0.022). In contrast, we found that institutions do not actively participate on the network. We emphasize the responsibility of institutions for health education and the need for professionals to improve communication skills on social networks, but also the need to improve communication skills on social media to support public health campaigns through these increasingly important channels.This research was funded by Fundación Banco Santander and Fundación Alfonso X el Sabio, grant number 1012031. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Evaluation of Ionic Liquids as In Situ Extraction Agents during the Alcoholic Fermentation of Carob Pod Extracts

Anhydrous ethanol is a promising alternative to gasoline in fuel engines. However, since ethanol forms an azeotrope with water, high-energy-consumption separation techniques such as azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, and molecular sieves are needed to produce anhydrous ethanol. This work discusses the potential development of an integrated process for bioethanol production using ionic liquids and Ceratonia siliqua as a carbohydrate source for further fermentation of the aqueous extracts. A four-stage counter-current system was designed to improve the sugar extraction yield to values close to 99%. The alcoholic fermentation of the extracts showed ethanol concentrations of 95 g/L using the microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisae. The production of anhydrous ethanol through extractive distillation with ethylene glycol was simulated using CHEMCAD software, with an energy consumption of 13.23 MJ/Kg of anhydrous ethanol. Finally, several ionic liquids were analyzed and are proposed as potential solvents for the recovery of bioethanol for the design of an integrated extraction-fermentation-separation process, according to their ability to extract ethanol from aqueous solutions and their biocompatibility with the microorganism used in this study.This research was funded by the Fundación Séneca, grant number 20957/PI/18 and The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) grant number RTI2018-099011-B-I00

Deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of fatty acids from microalgae biomass: Recovery of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid

Microalgae are a vast group of autotrophic microorganisms whose metabolic diversity makes them a natural source of valuable organic compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and bioactive molecules. Several microalgae species contain notable amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is an important alpha-linolenic acid derivative for human health. Conventional methods are considered effective at recovering total lipids from microalgae, however, they imply the use of large volumes of organic solvents such as methanol and chloroform, which are toxic and pose environmental risks. Thus, it is necessary to find new methods involving sustainable and green extracting phases. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are renewable compounds often formed, but not exclusively, by quaternary ammonium salts and non-hydrated metal halides. Due to their availability, low cost, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness, DES are a promising alternative to organic solvents in extraction processes. This work assesses the efficiency of several DES phases for the extraction of fatty acids from the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana with a special interest in the recovery of EPA. The tested phases include mixtures containing choline chloride, lactic acid, ethylene glycol, and sodium acetate. Their performances were compared to those provided by conventional methods based on the use of organic solvents. Specifically, an in-situ transesterification process based on methanol with 10 %v/v of HCl was optimized in terms of temperature, time, and catalyst amount to be used as a reference. The results show that several of the tested eutectics such as choline chloride-ethylene glycol were capable of matching and even outperforming the best results obtained for EPA, with 104 % of extracted EPA methyl ester as the percentage of the mass obtained with HCl-methanol. The extraction capacity of DES was also improved by microalgae biomass pretreatment using ultrasonic and NaCl-based methods in a further stage. In the case of EPA extraction, and under optimal conditions, DES were capable of recovering over 18 % more quantity than the obtained with HCl-methanol. These results demonstrate that DES are effective at both recovering total fatty acids from pretreated biomass and at selectively recovering EPA using both unpretreated and pretreated biomass.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MICINN) ref. RTI2018-099011-B-I00 and the Seneca Foundation Science and Technology Agency of the Region of Murcia ref. 20957/PI/18. Dr. Sergio Sánchez Segado wishes to acknowledge The Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain its support through the “Beatriz Galindo” Fellowship BEAGAL18/00079

Realfood and cancer: analysis of the reliability and quality of YouTube content

This study analyzes the quality and reliability of videos related to nutrition and cancer on YouTube. Study Design: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, time-limited study analyzing activity on the social network YouTube was proposed. Methods: The information from the videos was extracted through an API search tool, using the NodeXL software. The criteria to select the videos on YouTube were the keywords “real food”, “realfood”, and “cancer” and the hashtags #realfood and #cancer were present, videos in English and videos available on 1 December 2022. Results: The DISCERN value in the total number of videos viewed was 2.25 (±0.88) points, indicating low reliability. The videos uploaded by HRU represented only 20.8%. Videos suggesting that the use of foods defined as “real food” could cure cancer without the intervention of any other treatment accounted for 12.5%. Videos that provided external links to scientific/technical evidence verifying the information represented only 13.89% of the total number of videos. Of these videos, 70% corresponded to HRU. The DISCERN value for videos from HRU users was 3.05 (0.88), a value that reflects a good reliability of videos from these users. Conclusions: This study provides information on the content and quality of the videos that we can find on YouTube. We found videos of non-health users who do not base their content on any scientific evidence, with the danger that this entails for the population, but it also highlights that the videos published by HRU have greater reliability and quality, being better perceived by the population, so it is important to encourage healthcare professionals and health institutions to share verified information on YouTube.This research was funded by Fundación Banco Santander and Fundación Alfonso X el Sabio, grant number 1014011. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Membranas poliméricas de inclusión basadas en líquidos iónicos

Número de publicación: 2502069 Número de solicitud: 201330453La presente invención se refiere a una membrana polimérica de inclusión que comprende un polímero base, un agente de extracción y una agente plastificante donde el agente de extracción y el agente plastificante es un líquido iónico, la invención también se refiere al uso de dichas membranas en pilas de combustible microbianas, al uso de las mismas para la separación selectiva de mezclas de ácidos orgánicos, alcoholes y ésteres y al uso de las mismas como matrices de inmovilización de productos químicos, bioquímicos y/o biológicos.Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaUniversidad de Murci

Aplicaciones de los líquidos iónicos en la industria química

El uso de líquidos iónicos ha suscitado un gran interés en los últimos años dentro del campo de la Química. Este interés se debe principalmente a que estos compuestos, usados en un principio en aplicaciones electroquímicas, presentan una gran utilidad como disolventes, a la vez que han dado excepcionales resultados en otras aplicaciones donde constituyen un nuevo medio para las reacciones químicas. Todas sus aplicaciones están basadas en sus propiedades únicas entre las que destacan su presión de vapor prácticamente nula y una alta estabilidad química y térmica que permite su reutilizaciónCentro Universitario de la Defensa. Escuela de Turismo de Cartagena. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial UPCT. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT). Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos y Minas (EICM). Escuela de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de Edificación (ARQ&IDE). Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Navantia. Campus Mare Nostru

Fabricación de bioetanol a partir de extractos azucarados procedentes de la lixiviación de la vaina de la algarroba

En este trabajo se analiza la viabilidad técnica de la producción de bioetanol a partir de una materia vegetal autóctona del área mediterránea como es la vaina de la algarroba. La primera fase del estudio consistió en realizar la extracción de los azúcares contenidos en La vaina, obteniendo altos rendimientos (próximos aL 100%) en cortos tiempos. En la segunda fase del estudio se realizó la fermentación de los extractos azucarados obteniendo resultados próximos a un 50% de conversión de los azúcares iniciaLes a etanol en tiempos razonabLes. Del estudio se puede concluir que es posible la extracción y fermentación de los azúcares del algarrobo mediante operaciones industriaLes sencillas y perfectamente conocidasAsociación de Jóvenes Investigadores de Cartagena, (AJICT). Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial UPCT, (ETSII). Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, (ETSIA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT). Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales, y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas, (EICM). Fundación Séneca, Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología. Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Grupo Aquilin

Eliminación de iones metálicos de disoluciones acuosas por extracción con líquidos iónicos

En este trabajo se analiza la extracción de Zn2+, Cd2+ y Fe3+ de disoluciones acuosas hidrocloradas usando líquidos iónicos en ausencia de agentes quelantes. En este estudio se emplearon 1Ls basados en los cationes 1-(n-alquil)-3-metilimidazolio y tetraalquilamonio y los aniones hexajluorofosfato, bis[(tri- fluorometil)sulfonil]imida, tetrafluoroborato y cloruro. Se ha comprobado que liquido iónico cloruro de metiltrioctilamonio, [MTOA+] [Cl], permite la eliminación casi cuantitativa (porcentajes de extracción > 94%) de Zn2+, Cd2+ y Fe3+ de disoluciones acuosas. Además, se consiguió una elevada eficiencia en la separación selectiva de Zn2+ /Fe3+ y Cd2+ /Fe3+ utilizando el líquido iónico tetrafluoroborato de 1-metil-3-octil-imidazolio, [omim+][BF4 -], ya que se alcanzaron altos porcentajes de extracción para Zn2+ y Cd2+ (> 90%) mientras que la extracción de Fe3+ resultó prácticamente nula. Estos resultados indican que el empleo de 1Ls como alternativa a los agentes de extracción tradicionales en la extracción líquido-líquido de iones de metales pesados es muy prometedor.Asociación de Jóvenes Investigadores de Cartagena, (AJICT). Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial UPCT, (ETSII). Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, (ETSIA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT). Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales, y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas, (EICM). Fundación Séneca, Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología. Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Grupo Aquilin

Revisión del efecto de la temperatura de operación sobre el rendimiento global de pilas de combustible microbianas de una y dos cámaras.

Pilas de combustible microbianas (MFCs) de una y dos cámaras, alimentadas con agua residual de industria cervecera diluida en agua residual domestica, fueron testadas en régimen discontinuo a distintas temperaturas de operación en el rango de 4 a 35°C. Los resultados, analizados en relación a la capacidad de eliminación de materia orgánica y de producción de electricidad, atribuyen a la temperatura un papel esencial en el rendimiento de estos sistemas. El porcentaje de eliminación de demanda química de oxigeno y la máxima potencia puntual generada aumentaron desde 58% y 15. 1 m W m-3 reactor (8. 1 m W m-2 cátodo) durante polarización at 4°C, hasta 94% y 1 74. 0 m W m-J reactor (92. 8 m W m-2 cátodo) at 35°C.Asociación de Jóvenes Investigadores de Cartagena, (AJICT). Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial UPCT, (ETSII). Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, (ETSIA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT). Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales, y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas, (EICM). Fundación Séneca, Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología. Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Grupo Aquilin

Nurses facing health misinformation: How to spot scientific articles misuse?

Currently, large amounts of health information, mainly in the social media field, have led to an infodemic which, together with the vast misleading and inaccurate information that can be accessed, represents a substantial public health issue. Healthcare professionals can help to identify and even prevent the dissemination of such information, as well as to lead the struggle against it by denying it. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a guide to be used for the detection of health misinformation focused on health professionals. The model is based on an in-depth analysis, focused on assessing the contextualization of the type of scientific document, the possibility of extrapolation of the information, the causality, as well as the quality of the scientific evidence given. Besides requesting an effort from healthcare professionals to prevent the spread of health disinformation, we believe it is essential to offer tools to easily detect it, whereby training in research methodology is the main tool for healthcare professionals in the fight against misinformation and its negative implications on people's healt