Effect of differential uniform temperature with thickness-wise linear temperature gradient oninterfacial stresses of a bi-material assembly

The thermal mismatch induced interfacial stresses are one of the major reliability issues in electronic packaging and composite materials. Consequently an understanding of the nature of the interfacial stresses under different temperature conditions is essential in order to eliminate or reduce the risk of structural and functional failure. Approach: In this analysis, a model was proposed for the shearing and peeling stresses occurring at the interface of two bonded dissimilar materials with the effect of different uniform temperatures in the layers. The model was then upgraded by accounting thickness wise linear temperature gradients in the layers using two temperature drop ratios. The upgraded models were then compared with the existing uniform temperature model. The proposed model can be seen as a more generalized form to predict interfacial stresses at different temperature conditions that may occur in the layers. Results: The results were presented for an electronic bi-material package consisting of die and die-attach. Conclusion: The numerical simulation is in a good matching agreement with analytical results

Potential Of Renewable Wave And Offshore Wind Energy Sources In Malaysia.

Malaysia is a country vastly surrounded by water. Wave power and offshore wind power has been recognised by the international community as a renewable clean energy source. Analysis was conducted for the potential of wave energy and wind energy along the coastline of Malaysia from the data obtained by the Malaysia Meteorological Service (MMS) from 1985 to 2000

The Potential Of Wave And Offshore Wind Energy In Around The Coastline Of Malaysia That.Face The South China Sea.

The world wide estimated wave energy resource is more than 2 TW. Offshore wind speeds are generally higher than wind speeds over land, hence higher available energy resource. The estimated offshore wind potential in European waters alone is in excess of2500 TWh/annum. Offshore area also provides larger area for deploying wind energy devices. In recent year efforts to promote these two types of renewable and green energy sources have been intensify. Using the data obtained from the Malaysia Meteorological Service (MMS) analysis was conducted for the potential of wave energy and wind energy along the coastline of Malaysia facing the South China Sea. Maps of wave power potential were produced. The mean vector wind speed and direction were tabulated

Biochemical characterization of defense responses in rose genotypes in response to artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen Diplocarpon rosae

Resistance responses in the leaves of eight rose genotypes, Knock Out (highly resistant), Arka Nishkant (moderately resistant), R. multiflora (highly susceptible), Arka Swadesh (highly susceptible), IIHRR 13-4 (susceptible), Arka Parimala (susceptible), R. indica (susceptible) and IIHRR 4-15-12 (moderately susceptible), exhibiting varied levels of resistance against black spot were investigated post artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen, Diplocarpon rosae. There was consistent increase in the activities of defense related enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and other defense related secondary metabolites like phenols and flavonoids at different phases of black spot progression and increase was high in resistant genotypes Knock Out and Arka Nishkant. The peak activity of defense enzymes and high concentration of other metabolites was witnessed during early stages of infection in the resistant genotypes while it was during later phase in the susceptible genotypes. These results suggested that the faster and stronger activation of defense system is associated with the resistance against black spotin the rose genotypes

A comprehensive review of contemporary literature for epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer and their toxicity

© 2020 Lee et al. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common amongst those with non-small cell lung cancer and represent a major factor in treatment decisions, most notably in the advanced stages. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the EGFR, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, icotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib and osimertinib, have all shown to be effective in this setting. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, is a favorable option, but almost all patients develop resistance at some time point. There are no effective treatment options for patients who progress on osimertinib, but ongoing trials will hopefully address this unmet need. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the data with EGFR TKIs, management of the toxicities and the ongoing trials with this class of agents

Effect of pre harvest foliar spray of growth regulators on pre and post harvest parameters in ornamental sunflower genotype M-17R

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pre harvest foliar application of growth regulators on the pre and post harvest flower quality in ornamental sunflower during the year 2012-13, at College of Horticulture, GKVK campus, UHS, Bagalkot. At 60 DAS highest plant height was with GA3 @ 150 ppm (154.73 cm) followed by GA3 @ 200 ppm (146.20 cm) and GA3 @ 250 ppm (145.53 cm). Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm (4508.77 cm2) registered maximum plant spread at 60 DAS. Foliar application of GA3 @ 150 ppm (25.00) produced highest number of leaves which was at par with Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm, GA3 @ 200 ppm and GA3 @ 250 ppm recording 24.87, 24.80 and 24.67 leaves respectively. Calcium sulphate @ 200 ppm registered highest leaf area of (4930.30 cm2) which was at par with Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm, Calcium sulphate @ 300 ppm, Chlormequat chloride @ 500 ppm, Sodium silicate @ 350 ppm, and Chlormequat chloride @ 1000 ppm with 4792.64, 4735.04, 4721.75, 4503.05 and 4430.02 cm2 respectively

Wind Characteristics Influencing Wind Energy.

Usually the wind speed for a particular site is given at a standard reference height of 10m. However, in the context of wind turbines, the hub height is a natural choice for estimating the power potential

Genetic Variability for Quantitative Traits in China Aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees]

A field study was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in 20 genotypes of China aster for 15 traits during the year 2012-13 in Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications. Results revealed that the magnitude of phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. Narrow differences between GCV and PCV were recorded in all the characters except flowering duration, vase-life and shelf-life, indicating little environmental influence on expression of these characters. High (>20%) GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, flower diameter, number of ray and disc florets/flower head, stalk length, and, number and weight of flowers/plant. Heritability estimates ranged from 28.30% (flowering duration) to 99.54% (flower diameter). High heritability (<60%) was observed for all the traits except flowering duration. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean, was recorded for flower diameter, stalk-length, number of branches/plant, weight of flowers/plant, days to first flower opening, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of ray and disc florets/flower head, number of flowers/plant, indicating a possible role of additive gene action. Thus, these traits can be improved through selection and breeding

Wind Characteristics Influencing Wind Energy.

Usually the wind speed for a particular site is given at a standard reference height of 10 m. However, in the context of wind turbines, the hub height is a natural choice for estimating the power potential