Light clusters in nuclear matter of finite temperature

We investigate properties and the distribution of light nuclei (A<4) in symmetric nuclear matter of finite temperature within a microscopic framework. For this purpose we have solved few-body Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas type equations for quasi-nucleons that include self-energy corrections and Pauli blocking in a systematic way. In a statistical model we find a significant influence in the composition of nuclear matter if medium effects are included in the microscopic calculation of nuclei. If multiplicities are frozen out at a certain time (or volume), we expect significant consequences for the formation of light fragments in a heavy ion collision. As a consequence of the systematic inclusion of medium effects the ordering of multiplicities becomes opposite to the law of mass action of ideal components. This is necessary to explain the large abundance of $\alpha$-particles in a heavy ion collision that are otherwise largely suppressed in an ideal equilibrium scenario.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, epja-style file

Justice Stevens and Constitutional Adjudication: The Law Beyond the Rules

This Article considers Justice Stevens’ approach to equal protection and free speech cases. It contrasts his longstanding attempts to pierce through mediating doctrinal rules in these areas and apply true constitutional meaning (“the law beyond the rules”) with the more rule-bound approach exemplified by Chief Justice Roberts and other members of the Court’s conservative bloc. While appreciating JusticeStevens’ efforts in this regard, this Article also recognizes some of the problems he encountered in his quest. However, it also notes that the more rule-bound approach suffers from flaws of its own, even when judged against the criteria more rule-friendly justices offer to evaluate a given method of constitutional adjudication. Thus, whatever one might think of the ultimate success of Justice Stevens’ project, it is surely the case that the more rule-bound approach has not proven its clear superiority