3,834 research outputs found
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SOURCES OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF SHOREA ACUMINATA SEEDLINGS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS*)
Uninoculated dipterocarp seedlings raised in normal field soil in nurseries were always found to have mycorrhizas after a few months. This study set out to determine whether dipterocarp seedlings could continue to grow and develop in the absence of mycorrhizas and also to determine possible sources of mycorrhizal infection of dipterocarp seedlings raised under laboratory conditions using Shorea acuminata as a typical example. Seedlings were planted in capped or uncapped perspex boxes containing sterile or non-sterile field soil and watered daily with sterile water or tap water. Seedling growth and development of mycorrhizas were monitored at monthly intervals for up to seven months. Seedlings grown in sterile soil remained uninfected after seven months while infection was found in some of the seedlings grown in normal soil regardless of whether they had been watered with tap water or sterile water. This showed that field soil (i.e. under grass) far from the forest contained suitable inoculum for forest tree seedlings. Tap water and the air were not important sources of infection. However, mycorrhizal infection was very uneven indicating that the inoculum was probably very unevenly distributed in the soil or that the inoculum density was rather low. Seedlings grown in sterile soil showed better growth than those grown in normal soil and infection of roots by parasitic fungi in the latter was also observed.Key words:   Mycorrhizas/Plant pathology/lnfections/Shorea acuminata/Seedlings
Bounds for the Second Hankel Determinant of Certain Univalent Functions
The estimates for the second Hankel determinant a_2a_4-a_3^2 of analytic
function f(z)=z+a_2 z^2+a_3 z^3+...b for which either zf'(z)/f(z) or
1+zf"(z)/f'(z) is subordinate to certain analytic function are investigated.
The estimates for the Hankel determinant for two other classes are also
obtained. In particular, the estimates for the Hankel determinant of strongly
starlike, parabolic starlike, lemniscate starlike functions are obtained
Studies of Two Seed-Borne Fungi of Some Malaysian Forest Tree Species
Twenty-six species of saprophytic fungi and ten
species of potentially pathogenic fungi were isolated from
seeds of five indigenous and three introduced forest tree species.
Isolation of the fungi using both the blotter and the agar
plate methods was carried out to ensure the isolation of as
many species as possible from each seed sample. Six new
species of fungi not previously recorded in Malaysia were
discovered. They were Beltraniella nilgrica Pirozynski &
Patil, Chaetomium trilaterale Chivers, Cylindrocladium
scoparium Morgan, Cryptodiaporthe sp., Gliocephalo
trichum
simplex (J. Meyer) Wiley & Simmons and Gliocladium sp.
Various factors affecting the growth of two fungi -
Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan, a new species recorded in
Malaysia which is Fotentially pathogenic, and Pestalotiopsis
versicol or (Speg.) Steyaert, one of the most commonly
occurring saprophytes - were investigated. These factors were
the effect of nutrients, light, temperature, pH and various
vitamins. Suitable culture conditions were developed for both
fungi. Seedling inoculation tests showed that Cylindrocladium
scoparium was pathogenic to seedlings of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
Blanco, a species indigenous to Malaysian forests, and Pinus
caribaea Mor., a species of tropical pine introduced into and
pl anted in this country. An investigation into some of the
enzymes produced by the two fungi was also carried out to obtain
a better understanding of the roles of C. scoparium and
P. versicolor in seed deterioration and pathogenicity
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