6 research outputs found
Copyright, Originality, and the Public Domain in Eighteenth-Century England
- Author
- Abraham Drassinower
- Adam Smyth
- Alexander Gerard
- Alvin Kernan
- Archibald Campbell
- Arthur Ellicott
- Barbara Benedict
- Betty A Schellenberg
- Bradley Deane
- Cary V Kearsley
- Ch
- Clare Pettitt
- Commentaries Blackstone
- Commentaries Blackstone
- Daniel J Gervais
- David A Brewer
- Deazley
- Deazley
- Don Nichol
- E G See
- Edward Young
- Ellen Gardiner
- English Bond
- Feather
- Francis Hargrave
- Francis M See
- Frederick Seaton
- G W Pigman
- George J Buelow
- Gyles V Wilcox
- H See John
- Harold Ogden White
- Henry Fielding
- Hurd
- Hurd
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- J M S Tompkins
- James Boswell
- James L Axtell
- John Hope Mason
- John Locke To
- John Trusler
- Laura Rosenthal
- Locke To
- Louisa-Jayne Stark
- Mack
- Mack
- Mack
- Marcus
- Martin A Kayman
- Mason
- Melissa De
- Michael E Connaughton
- Oxford
- Paul Kaufman
- Paulina Kewes
- Paulina Kewes
- Raymond Astbury
- Richard Hurd
- Richmond P Bond
- Robert Burrell
- Robert L Mack
- Rose
- Rose
- Rose
- Rose
- S Brean
- See John Feather
- See John Harrison
- See Ronan Deazley
- Simon Stern
- Stephen Orgel
- The Case Of Samuel Richardson
- Tonson V Walker
- Wendy J Gordon
- William Blackstone
- William Duff
- William J Howard
- William Pope
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2008
- Field of study
'Room for One More': The Metaphorics of Physical Space in the Eighteenth-Century Copyright Debate
- Author
- .
- ] Samuel Patterson
- Alan B Farmer
- Alan Coren
- Alexander Pope
- Alexander Pope
- Allen V Ghoulish Gallery
- Anon
- Anon
- Archibald Campbell
- Arthur R See
- Augustine Birrell
- Betty Rizzo
- Bill D Herman
- Candace Spigelman
- Daniel Defoe
- David Fagundes
- David Lodge
- Deazley
- Dodsley V Kinnersley
- Donatella Montini
- Douglas A Brooks
- E G
- E G See
- E G See
- E G See
- E G See
- Edward Thompson
- Elizabeth Judge
- Feather
- Fielding
- Fielding
- Fielding
- Foote Gower
- Francis Hargrave
- G W Pigman
- Giles E Dawson
- Grenville Mrs
- H L Ford
- Harold Ogden White
- Henry Fielding
- Henry Fielding
- Henry Fielding
- Henry Parker
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Id
- Jessica Litman
- John Feather
- John Feather
- John Locke
- John Maclaurin
- John Murray
- Joseph Addison
- Joseph Loewenstein
- Joseph Spence
- Judge
- Kenneth Basin
- Laurie Ellinghausen
- Lawrence Lipking
- Leah Price
- Linda L Berger
- Lisa Maruca
- Lynn S Meskill
- Mark Lemley
- Mark Rose
- Martha Woodmansee
- Martha Woodmansee
- Millar V Taylor
- Morris R Brownell
- Nichol
- O&apos
- Oscar Wilde
- P Richmond
- Patricia Loughlan
- Peter Jaszi
- Pope V
- Pope V
- Raymond Consider
- Richard Atkyns
- Richardson
- Richardson
- Robert Demaria
- Rose
- Samuel Johnson
- Samuel Kimpel
- Samuel Richardson
- See Lyman Ray Patterson
- Simon Stern
- Stephen Orgel
- Talford Thomas Noon
- Tatler Addison
- Taylor
- Terence Cave
- Thus
- Tom Fielding
- Tom Jones
- Tonson V Collins
- Warburton
- Warren Mcdougal
- William Blackstone
- William Kenrick
- William Patry
- William St
- William Warburton
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
Revisiting the Royal Commission on Copyright
- Author
- &
- &
- Alexander
- Alexander
- Anthony Trollope
- Arnold
- Balliol College
- Barbara Lauriat
- Brad Sherman
- David Saunders
- Deazley
- Deazley
- Deazley
- Deazley
- Deazley
- Deazley
- E J Macgillivray
- Edward Dicey
- Farrer
- Feather
- Feather
- Free Mallet
- Froude
- Froude
- G H Thring
- G R Searle
- Ginsburg
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- Ibid
- J A Froude
- James Boyle
- Jane Ginsburg
- John Feather
- Lely
- Louis Mallet
- Louis Mallet
- Matthew Arnold
- Moy Thomas
- Moy Thomas
- N N Feltes
- Paul K Saint-Amour
- R R Bowker
- Rcc Report
- Rcc Report Viii
- Rcc Report Xlvi
- Rcc Report Xlviii
- Rcc Report Xlviii
- Rcc Report Xlviii
- Robert Colby
- Saint-Amour
- Saint-Amour
- Saint-Amour
- Scrutton
- Scrutton
- Scrutton
- See Alexander
- See Lauriat
- Seville
- Simon Eliot
- T H Farrer
- Thomas Scrutton
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2013
- Field of study
FLSA Working Hours Reform: Worker Well-Being Effects in an Economic Framework
- Author
- ____ J Henly
- _____
- A Wax
- Al James
- Also See Philp
- Annie Pilon
- Aswani Yeraguntla
- B Gariety
- B Kaufman
- B Philp
- Barbara ____
- C B Dicesare
- Clare Kelliher
- D Belman
- D J Walsh
- Daniel S Hamermesh
- David
- David I Levine
- David M Cutler
- Dora Gicheva
- E Galinsky
- E Mccrate
- F Hansen
- Feather Peter
- Feldman
- G Akerlof
- Gerald Mayer
- H Holzer
- Heather Boushey
- Iain Campbell
- J Altonji
- J Casner-Lotto
- J Messenger
- J Rebitzer
- J Rubery
- J Schor
- J Schor
- Jared Bernstein
- Jeremy Reynolds
- John S Heywood
- K A Weeden
- Kevin E Cahill
- L Dunn
- Lonnie Golden
- Lonnie Golden
- M Altman
- M Altman
- M Elchardus
- M Gunderson
- M Leibig
- M Smith
- M White
- Melissa Felder
- Muhammad Faraz
- N Clark
- Natalie Abbott
- O&apos
- Omnibus Yougov
- P Berg
- P Dechiara
- P Kuhn
- Peter Frase
- R Batt
- R Drago
- R Ehrenberg
- R Hart
- R Moss
- R Wilkins
- S Eaton
- S Rottenberg
- S Trejo
- Schor
- Scott D Miller
- See Weil
- Shawn D Vance
- Susan J Lambert
- T Clifton
- Tesfayi ___
- William G Whittaker
- Yougov
- Youngjoo Cha
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2013
- Field of study
The financing of terror in the age of the Internet: wilful blindness, greed or a political statement?
- Author
- 2002 US National Drug Control Strategy.
- Abraham
- Al-Qaeda
- Aldrich Richard W.
- Asa Hutchinson Statement
- Baldwin F.
- Baldwin Fletcher N.
- Barak Aharon
- Barlow
- Block Robert
- Brie Drug Intelligence
- Brie Drug Intelligence
- Brie Drug Intelligence
- Campbell US
- Cepik Marco
- Clarke Richard
- Colombia Links Shape IRA
- Commission
- Commission
- Commission Proposal or a Council Framework Decision on Attacks Against In ormation Systems COM
- Council Framework Decision 2002/475
- Crime Computer
- Crime Computer
- Crime Computer
- Critical
- Die Whit®eld
- Elvin John
- EU Group Calls or Curb on Racism on Internet
- Feather Frank
- Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
- Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
- Fletcher N. Baldwin
- Frank Cilluo Statement
- Fuller Lon
- Homan Christopher D.
- Ibid
- Ibid. (Quoting rom Consarc Corp.
- In
- Ivascanu Daniela
- Ivascanu Daniela
- John
- Johnson David
- Johnson Tim
- Judiciary Senate
- Keyes David V.
- Law International
- Law International
- Marshall Donnie R.
- Marshall Statement
- Martin Mitchell
- Michelangelo's David These
- Panel II o a hearing o the Senate Judiciary Committee Subject
- Podger James
- Podgers James
- Proposed Cyber Comments
- Protection Board The President's
- Raphael Perl Statement
- Rattray
- Rattray
- Rattray Gregory J.
- Rattray Malicious
- Reno Janet
- Roskin Gary
- Roth J.
- Rueda Andres
- Rueda Andres
- Schauer Frederick
- Schwartau Winn
- See The
- Sent No IRA
- Shinder Debra L.
- State Department 2001 Terrorism Report US Department o State
- State Department Statistical Appendix U.S.
- Terrorism International
- Testimony be ore the Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology
- Testimony be ore the Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology
- Testimony be ore the Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology
- The
- The DES
- UN Security Council Resolution 1373
- USC
- USC
- USC
- USC
- USC
- Warren Louis
- Wayne E. Anthony
- Weimer Wendy
- Winick Raphael
- Publication venue
- 'Emerald'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study
- Author
- Abada S
- Abbas Syed R
- Abbas JD
- Abdalla M
- Abdel-Khaleq S
- Abdelrahim ASA
- Abdelrazek M
- Abdelrazik Y
- Abdi M
- Abdolrazaghi S
- Abdul-Fattah S
- Abdulla S
- Abdullah M
- Abi Aoun R
- Abid S
- Abigail S
- Abou El Ela Bourquin B
- Abousamra M
- Adabavazeh B
- Adams J
- Adams M
- Adams N
- Adcock A
- Adebambo D
- Adeboyejo O
- Adeeko ES
- Adelekan K
- Adelowo T
- Adeniken E
- Adeoye A
- Adeusi L
- Afsheen N
- Agarwal A
- Agarwal G
- Agarwal N
- Agbinya N
- Aghanenu O
- Agiotakis S
- Aguirrezabala Armbruster B
- Ahari D
- Ahmad Fuad MF
- Ahmad MA
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi H
- Ahmed Osman A
- Ahmed A
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed J
- Ahmed M
- Ahmed O
- Ahmed S
- Ahmed SK
- Ahmed W
- Ainsworth J
- Ainsworth K
- Aitken S
- Ajdarpasic D
- Ajekigbe F
- Akbar Z
- Akhbari M
- Akintunde A
- Akinyemi J
- Akmal A
- Akmal K
- Akram B
- Al Bahri T
- Al Bakry M
- Al Dabbagh A
- Al Rawi M
- Al Sadek Y
- Al-Hamid Z
- Al-Khafaji M
- Alam F
- Alattas A
- Alawattegama LH
- Alberts J
- Alfadhel S
- Alhwaishel K
- Ali Butt S
- Ali A
- Ali K
- Ali M
- Ali N
- Ali S
- Alim L
- Alkandari B
- Alkoot M
- Allan D
- Allan J
- Allen K
- Allen R
- Allin D
- Almoosawy SA
- Alom J
- Alsaady A
- Alsadoun L
- Alsusa H
- Alves do Canto Brum H
- Alves D
- Aly R
- Alyacoubi S
- Amakye NY
- Amarnath T
- Amin A
- Amin M
- Amini B
- Anandampillai R
- Anarfi S
- Anderson E
- Anderson P
- Anderton J
- Andrew F
- Anjum Z
- Ansar Z
- Anthony Wilkinson J
- Antypas A
- Anuar A
- Apata A
- Appanna T
- Appleton B
- Appleyard T
- Arain Z
- Aranha M
- Arnold A
- Arnold C
- Arora E
- Arrayeh A
- Arshad M
- Arshad SR
- Arthur-Quarm S
- Arumugam V
- Arwi G
- Ashai S
- Asharaf H
- Ashaye A
- Ashcroft-Quinn S
- Ashdown T
- Ashman M
- Ashok A
- Ashwell W
- Ashworth I
- Asif A
- Asvandi S
- Atherton R
- Atiyah A
- Atkins W
- Aung E
- Aung YY
- Austin T
- Ayandokun P
- Ayub H
- Azam R
- Azam Z
- Azeez Z
- Azizan N
- Azizi S
- Azlan A
- Azouaghe O
- Bachelet B
- Bacigalupo V
- Bacon H
- Badminton R
- Badran A
- Bahl S
- Bailey A
- Bain J
- Bajaj M
- Bajaj S
- Bajaj V
- Baker C
- Baker D
- Baker J
- Baker O
- Bakina C
- Balakumar V
- Balasubramanian A
- Balasubramanian N
- Bald A
- Balfour J
- Ball M
- Bandyopadhyay D
- Bandyopadhyay S
- Bangi S
- Bani W
- Bannister J
- Barabas M
- Baraza W
- Barciela C
- Bardon A
- Barham E
- Barnes R
- Barrett G
- Barrington J
- Barrington M
- Barry I
- Barry J
- Barry K
- Bartlett M
- Barton O
- Bashiti H
- Basi S
- Baskaran R
- Bassett E
- Batchelor C
- Batchelor-Parry H
- Bawa G
- Bawa JH
- Beattie M
- Beck C
- Bee F
- Beg R
- Belais F
- Belk LH
- Bellam S
- Ben-Arzi H
- Bennett T
- Bennewith R
- Berry A
- Bettoli G
- Bevis R
- Bhachoo H
- Bhadra K
- Bhandari A
- Bhangu A
- Bhardwaj R
- Bharwada Y
- Bhat A
- Bhate R
- Bhatia P
- Bhatia S
- Bhattarai S
- Bhatti M
- Bhatti S
- Bhavra K
- Bhoombla N
- Bhudia R
- Bhullar D
- Bibi F
- Biddles D
- Bilal A
- Billson E
- Bilolikar A
- Bird R
- Birnie C
- Bishop A
- Bisson E
- Bix E
- Bloom I
- Blott N
- Boaden L
- Boggon E
- Bogie E
- Bojanic C
- Bommireddy L
- Bonte A
- Borakati A
- Bosley N
- Botsa E
- Bottomley J
- Bourke E
- Bourne K
- Bowen K
- Bowes A
- Bowley D
- Boyle C
- Bradley J
- Bradshaw E
- Brady R
- Braganza J
- Bratsos S
- Brazier B
- Brazkiewicz M
- Breathnach C
- Brenac S
- Brew A
- Bridges I
- Broad G
- Broekhuizen A
- Brookes T
- Brothwood D
- Brousse de Gersigny J
- Browlee O
- Brown A
- Brown C
- Brown E
- Brown G
- Brown L
- Brown R
- Brown S
- Browne R
- Bruce D
- Bryan A
- Bryans K
- Bucknall T
- Budd W
- Budding J
- Bunni J
- Burke D
- Burns F
- Burns J
- Burrell K
- Burt G
- Burt J
- Burtle D
- Burton L
- Burton M
- Burway S
- Buxton-Hopley R
- Byrne M
- Cahya E
- Caldwell S
- Cambridge WA
- Cameron F
- Campbell A
- Campbell B
- Cann J
- Carberry E
- Carey C
- Carpenter H
- Carr W
- Carrick M
- Carroll L
- Carroll M
- Casey A
- Cavanagh S
- Chadda KR
- Chadwick T
- Chalkley M
- Chamberlain G
- Champion A
- Chan C
- Chan LH
- Chan SMZ
- Chan XHF
- Chand CP
- Chandegra A
- Chander B
- Chandrasekaran J
- Chandratreya N
- Chang C
- Chaora T
- Chapman D
- Chapman S
- Chapman T
- Chapple K
- Charalambous M
- Chatha S
- Chau CYC
- Chaudhari S
- Chawla S
- Cheah E
- Chee J
- Cheekoty P
- Cheema J
- Chellapuri A
- Chen JY
- Cheng T
- Chennupati R
- Cheong J
- Cherry C
- Cheung A
- Cheung J
- Chew D
- Chew SJHL
- Chia D
- Chia WL
- Chikomba L
- Chinta SH
- Chiong J
- Chittoor Satish NN
- Chiu C
- Chlubek M
- Chmielewski G
- Cho SH
- Choa G
- Choi NY
- Chong A
- Chong C
- Chong T
- Chong V
- Choo LY
- Choo SY
- Chopra P
- Chou WK
- Choudhry A
- Choudhry H
- Chow J
- Chow R
- Chow YW
- Chowdhury A
- Chowdhury S
- Chowdhury T
- Chrisp B
- Christie I
- Christou A
- Chu J
- Chu K
- Chu TSM
- Chu YYA
- Chung I
- Chung S
- Cinnamond A
- Cirelli C
- Clark A
- Clark F
- Clark G
- Clark L
- Clarke G
- Clayton B
- Clayton S
- Cleaver J
- Clement NS
- Clements B
- Clements JM
- Cloney M
- Coates S
- Cockroft A
- Coldwell C
- Coleman O
- Coleman S
- Colman J
- Colterjohn N
- Common J
- Common T
- Compton M
- Connachan R
- Connell B
- Constantinides M
- Conti I
- Cook A
- Cook E
- Cookey-Bresi R
- Coombe-Jones M
- Coombs A
- Cooper Drake B
- Cooper L
- Cope P
- Cope S
- Copeland L
- Cornwall H
- Corrin E
- Costa I
- Coulson A
- Coulthurst J
- Court EL
- Covell G
- Coyle J
- Creagh-Brown B
- Creissen A
- Cresswell B
- Cripps P
- Crisp E
- Crook D
- Crosbie S
- Croyle JA
- Cullen G
- Cullimore V
- Cummings D
- Cummins T
- Cundy A
- Curran E
- Curran S
- Curtis Lopez C
- Cuthbert H
- D Portela S
- D'Afflitto M
- D'Cunha Kamath A
- Dadnam F
- Dale VH
- Daniel S
- Daniell A
- Daniels M
- Dar T
- Darkwa S
- Darling H
- Datta A
- Dattani A
- Dauncey J
- Davies C
- Davies E
- Davies G
- Davies L
- Davies P
- Davies R
- Davies-kelly N
- Davis L
- Davis P
- Dawas K
- Dawson A
- De Andres Crespo M
- De Berker H
- De Carvalho L
- De Kock Jewell V
- De Soysa S
- Deans J
- Deekonda P
- Deliyannis E
- Deng A
- Dermanis A
- Desai B
- Desai N
- Deshpande A
- Devalia K
- Devi S
- Devindaran A
- Devine A
- Dexter E
- Dhar M
- Dhebri A
- Dhuga Y
- Di Traglia R
- Dickinson M
- Dickinson S
- Dilaver N
- Dinesh AA
- Dinh TH
- Dixit A
- Dixon C
- Dixon M
- Dixon Y
- Do Le HP
- Do JE
- Dobinson C
- Dodhia V
- Doherty C
- Doherty W
- Dominguez E
- Donnelly A
- Donnelly B
- Donnelly HA
- Donohue J
- Doré C
- Down B
- Doyle C
- Drake I
- Drake J
- Drew W
- Drusch B
- Dudi-Venkata NN
- Duller A
- Duque Golding J
- Durand M
- Dwaraknath M
- Eagles EJ
- Eardley N
- Easby S
- Edelsten E
- Edwards J
- Edwards M
- Edwards P
- Egoroff N
- Eichenauer CE
- Ekpete O
- El Sabawy D
- El Sheikh M
- Elawad A
- Eldridge M
- Eleni A
- Elhakim H
- Elkawafi M
- Elliott J
- Elliott JA
- Elliott M
- Ellis J
- Elmansouri A
- Elsayeh K
- Elsharkawi A
- Elzanati H
- Emmanuel T
- Emms L
- English C
- Enver M
- Epanomeritakis E
- Eriksson F
- Erotocritou M
- Evans A
- Evans B
- Evans C
- Evans E
- Evans L
- Evans N
- Ezennia K
- Fabelurin C
- Fairclough S
- Fairey M
- Faisal H
- Fan J
- Fang B
- Farah Y
- Farbood K
- Faris Mahmood H
- Farr E
- Farrelly C
- Farrugia A
- Fatimah Hussain Q
- Faulkner G
- Fawdon R
- Fay E
- Fearnhead N
- Feather A
- Fegredo D
- Feighery A
- Felstead D
- Fenton J
- Ferarrio I
- Fernando D
- Fernando P
- Ferriman A
- Ferrin S
- Feyi-Waboso J
- Field C
- Field D
- Figg K
- Finch G
- Findlay J
- Fischer F
- Fish J
- Fisher K
- Fisher T
- Fitzgerald C
- Flach A
- Flint J
- Fludder V
- Ford C
- Forenc K
- Forrest M
- Fort-Schaale A
- Fortescue L
- Foster K
- Foster-Davies H
- Foulkes A
- Fowler G
- Fox C
- Fox S
- Francis D
- Francis N
- Franco Da Silva C
- Francombe J
- Franklin S
- Franklyn J
- French B
- French N
- French R
- Frisira E
- Fu YXJ
- Fung E
- Fung HKF
- Fung YJ
- Furlepa M
- Gaba F
- Gabrel M
- Gallagher C
- Gallagher H
- Gallie R
- Galvin C
- Gamage K
- Ganapathy M
- Gandhi P
- Gandhi T
- Ganewatta Kankanamge D
- Gardener M
- Gardiner H
- Gardner M
- Garg J
- Garg S
- Gargan K
- Garland H
- Garner J
- Garwood P
- Gaston-Grubb M
- Gatumbu P
- Gaunt E
- George HA
- George S
- Georgi T
- Gercek Y
- Germani Batacchi M
- Ghazal R
- Ghose R
- Ghosh I
- Giang S
- Gibbins A
- Gibbons H
- Gibson C
- Gill D
- Gill M
- Gill N
- Gill P
- Gillespie R
- Gilliam A
- Girdlestone H
- Girish M
- Glasbey JC
- Glasson R
- Glen P
- Glover T
- Goan R
- Godhaniya J
- Goede A
- Gogna A
- Goh J
- Goldsworthy M
- Gomaa A
- Goodhew R
- Gopikrishna D
- Gornell C
- Goss J
- Gough M
- Goulder L
- Goyal S
- Gravett H
- Gray C
- Greasley M
- Green RL
- Green S
- Green SV
- Griffiths E
- Groves E
- Gruffydd-Davies M
- Guan Z
- Guest O
- Gujjuri R
- Gulamhussein AHM
- Gulati R
- Gunn F
- Gupta A
- Gupta P
- Gupta S
- Gureviciute E
- Gurung B
- Gurung C
- Gurung D
- Gurung P
- Guthrie J
- Guéroult A
- Gwilliam R
- Gwozdz A
- Gwyn-Jones A
- Habib S
- Hackett N
- Hafouda Y
- Haglund C
- Hague S
- Haider S
- Haider SA
- Hainsworth P
- Haji A
- Hakim MA
- Hamilton K
- Hamlyn V
- Hampson A
- Hamstead E
- Hamza H
- Han SM
- Handa A
- Handa I
- Handley G
- Hang S
- Hanley J
- Hanna J
- Hanna N
- Hanna P
- Hansdot S
- Haq I
- Haq MZ
- Harbourne A
- Hardie W
- Hardy A
- Hardy E
- Hare N
- Harnett M
- Harris J
- Harris T
- Harrison EM
- Hart E
- Hashmi Y
- Hassan A
- Hassan F
- Hassan MR
- Hassane A
- Hatab A
- Hathaway D
- Hatoum A
- Hatt K
- Hatta S
- Havalda P
- Hawkins-Hooker L
- Hawksley J
- Hay D
- Hayes J
- Hayre J
- Healicon R
- Heath E
- Hedges J
- Henderson C
- Henderson R
- Henry-Blake C
- Hibell I
- Higginbotham G
- Higgs M
- Hill A
- Hilton M
- Hilton-Christie S
- Hinchcliffe Z
- Hird A
- Hird R
- Hirniak J
- Ho C
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- Ho JSY
- Ho S
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- Wignall P
- Wijesingha N
- Wijeyendram P
- Wilcha R
- Wilde S
- Wilkes A
- Wilkins E
- Wilkins M
- Wilkinson A
- Wilkinson B
- Willett M
- Williams C
- Williams CYK
- Williams G
- Williams H
- Williams R
- Wills-Wood W
- Wilson C
- Wilson E
- Wilson M
- Wingfield L
- Winterton R
- Wischhusen S
- Wong E
- Wong KHF
- Wong RH
- Wonga L
- Wood C
- Wood M
- Woodmass M
- Woodward S
- Woon S
- Woon-Shoo-Tong XS
- Worthington J
- Wosinska N
- Wright K
- Wu F
- Wu JJG
- Wu M
- Wyatt F
- Wybrew R
- Wyn-Griffiths F
- Xu S
- Yadav J
- Yang JJ
- Yang T
- Yang Y
- Yao PC
- Yao SL
- Yap C
- Yasin I
- Yasin T
- Yassa J
- Yassin D
- Yates J
- Yau S
- Ye TTS
- Yeshitila N
- Yin L
- Yip S
- Yoong A
- Yordi S
- Young L
- Young T
- Youssef H
- Yow L
- Yu C
- Yu S
- Yuen ECT
- Yunus A
- Yusufi U
- Zachariah M
- Zacken A
- Zaheer M
- Zahid M
- Zaki F
- Zakieh O
- Zalmay P
- Zaman M
- Zaman S
- Zander A
- Zeicu C
- Zeng G
- Zhang G
- Zhang M
- Zhang N
- Zhao S
- Zhao Z
- Zhu L
- Zilber E
- Zimmerman M
- Zuhairy S
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/06/2022
- Field of study
Background Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Findings In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683–0·717]). Interpretation In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. Funding British Journal of Surgery Society