Konwencjonalna i płynna cytologia – badania porównawcze

Objectives: The aim of our study is the comparison of the results of conventional smear (CC) technique and liquidbased cytology (LBC) technique used as cervical cancer screening methods. Material and methods: The results of 47954 patients submitted to smear screening in our gynecology clinic between January 2008 and December 2014 have been studied. The smear results have been divided into two groups CC and LBC according to the technique used. Results: When considering the distribution within CC group, the results were as follows: intraepithelial cell abnormalities 2,0% (n=619), insufficient sample for analysis 2,1% (n=660), Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) 1.8% (n=554), Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL) 0.1% (n=35), High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) 0.1% (n=16), Atypical squamous cells – cannot exclude HGSIL (ASC-H) 0.029% (n=9), Atypical glandular cells- not other wise specified (AGC-NOS) 0.012% (n=4), squamous carcinoma 0.003% (n=1). When considering the distribution in LBC group, the results were as follows: intraepithelial cell abnormalities2.1% (n=357), insufficient sample for analysis 0.9% (n=144), ASC-US 1.8% (n=296), LGSIL 0.2% (n=38), HGSIL 0.1% (n=8), ASC-H 0.1% (n=10), AGC-NOS 0.017% (n=3), squamous carcinoma 0.011% (n=2). Conclusions: Although the rates of epithelial cell abnormalities are similar for both tests, LSIL results are more frequently observed in LBC technique. In LBC technique, the number of insufficient sample for analysis is quite low compared to CC group and thus constitutes an advantage.  Cel pracy: Celem badania było porównanie wyników konwencjonalnej (CC) i płynnej cytologii (LBC) stosowanej w skriningu raka szyjki macicy. Materiał i metoda: Przeanalizowano wyniki od 47954 pacjentek objętych cytologicznym badaniem skriningowym w naszym oddziale ginekologicznym w okresie od stycznia 2008 do grudnia 2014. Wyniki cytologiczne podzielono na dwie grupy CC i LBC w zależności od techniki pobierania. Wyniki: W grupie CC wyniki przedstawiały się nastepująco: nieprawidłowości komórek śródnabłonkowych 2,0% (n=619), nieodpowiednia próbka do analizy 2,1% (n=660), ASC-US 1.8% (n=554), LGSIL 0.1% (n=35), HGSIL 0.1% (n=16), ASC-H 0.029% (n=9), AGC-NOS 0.012% (n=4), rak płaskonabłonkowy 0.003% (n=1). W grupie LBC wyniki przedstawiały się następująco: nieprawidłowości komórek śródnabłonkowych 2.1% (n=357), nieodpowiednia próbka do analizy 0.9% (n=144), ASC-US 1.8% (n=296), LGSIL 0.2% (n=38), HGSIL 0.1% (n=8), ASC-H 0.1% (n=10), AGC-NOS 0.017% (n=3), rak płaskonabłonkowy 0.011% (n=2). Wnioski: Chociaż odsetek nieprawidłowości komórek śródnabłonkowych jest podobny dla obu testów, wyniki LSIL są częściej obserwowane w technice LBC. W metodzie LBC liczba próbek nieodpowiednich do analizy jest dość niska w porównaniu do grupy CC, stąd jest to jej niewątpliwa zaleta.

Deconstructing the Genre in the Musical „The Commitments” by Alan Parker

Ir ieviesti noteikti priekšnosacījumi tam, lai raksturotu Holivudas / Amerikas kino mūziklu kā žanru, piemēram mūzika, dejas, vīriešu-sieviešu pretstats, varoņu personīgais stils, spontanitāte un publika. Tomēr postmodernajā muzikālajā kinofilmā „Saistības” vairums šo priekšnosacījumu netiek ievēroti, dekonstruējot mūzikla žanru. Šis darbs ir veltīts Holivudas mūzikla žanra, tā vēstures un dekonstrukcijas analīzei Alana Pārkera režisētajā kinofilmā „Saistības”. Pētījums arī pievēršas tradicionālā „īriskuma” (Irishness) analīzei, kas piemērots pēc literārās atmodas un šī „īriskuma” dekonstrukcijai kinofilmā „Saistības”. Atslēgas vārdi: Mūzika, deja, mūzikla žanrs, Holivudas / Amerikas kino mūzikls, vīrieša-sievietes pretstats, postmodernais kino mūzikls, nacionālās īpatnības, soulmūzika, „Saistības”There have been certain conventions such as music, dance, male-female duality, personal styles of characters, entertainment, spontaneity and audience, introduced to describe the Hollywood/American film musical genre. However the post-modern musical movie, The Commitments disregards the majority of these certain conventions and deconstructs the traditional musical genre. Thus, the purpose of the present study is devoted to the analyses of the Hollywood film musical genre, its brief history and the deconstruction of the musical genre in The Commitments directed by Alan Parker. The paper also investigates the traditional Irishness that is imposed after the Literary Revival and the deconstruction of this type of Irishness in The Commitments. Key Words: Music, Dance, Musical movie genre, Hollywood/American film musical, male-female duality, post-modern film musical, nation-ness, soul music, The Commitments

Erkeklerin Kadına Yönelik Fiziksel Şiddet Uygulamasına Etki Eden Faktörlerin İncelenmesi

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between gender attitude of men who have/have not resorted to physical violence against women and the uses of violence, and to examine the other factors having affect on violence. The research is based on quantitative and general scanning model (singular and relational) conducted on 386 men. The questions regarding socio-demographic status of the attendants, the way they were brought up in childhood, their bad habits, their attitude on violence against women and gender were directed to the attendants. Research data has been collected through face to face survey. Assessment of the data has been carried out with SPSS 21.0. The research has been conducted by benefiting from the Chi-Square (χ2), Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests as the collected data do not exhibit normal distribution. According to the survey 13,7 % of men used violence to women. The men who used violence to women showed less fair attitude than the others. It is observed that the factors such as the education level of the partner, employment of the partner, number of children and the way of marriage are the effective variables on violence against women. Gender attitude is effective on violence against women. Therefore, it is necessary for the men to adopt more equalitarian gender attitude for the reduction of violence against women. Thus, in terms of combating violence, it is revealed how significant it is to give more focus on studies which raise awareness in society on gender equality. The research provides supporting information on the point that the study of violence against women should also be worked with men besides women. This carries importance in terms of drawing attention to the deficiency in the literature and to give a more integrated point of view to solve the violence against women

A Tutorial on How to Conduct Meta-Analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics

Meta-analysis has started to take place among the most used methodologies in psychological research. Such a technique allows researchers to combine the data sets obtained from several individual studies on the same topic and thus is particularly useful for finding solutions to controversial issues that cannot be solved with individual studies. This paper presents a detailed tutorial of the IBM SPSS software, which enables one to implement the statistical analyses for meta-analysis. Examples are also provided to highlight the main analyses conducted in the meta-analysis. The tutorial ends by discussing the differences between IBM SPSS capabilities and those of other software packages

A Tutorial on How to Conduct Meta-Analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics

Meta-analysis has started to take place among the most used methodologies in psychological research. Such a technique allows researchers to combine the data sets obtained from several individual studies on the same topic and thus is particularly useful for finding solutions to controversial issues that cannot be solved with individual studies. This paper presents a detailed tutorial of the IBM SPSS software, which enables one to implement the statistical analyses for meta-analysis. Examples are also provided to highlight the main analyses conducted in the meta-analysis. The tutorial ends by discussing the differences between IBM SPSS capabilities and those of other software packages