Comparison of long-term kidney functions after radical nephrectomy and simple nephrectomy

Objective To determine if there is a difference in proceeding to CKD between patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy (RN) and simple nephrectomy (SN) for different indications by comparing the short- and long-term renal function. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients who underwent nephrectomy (either for malign or benign indications) in our clinic between January 2007 and September 2017. The patients were divided into 2 groups according the type of surgery: 1) Radical nephrectomy Group, 2) Simple Nephrectomy Group. Renal function was evaluated with Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) calculated using the MDRD formula. Results A total of 276 patients were included in the study. There were 202 patients in RN Group and 74 patients in SN Group. The mean age of the patients in RN Group and SN Group were age 59,2 ± 11,5 and 49,9 ± 15,1 years, respectively (p = 0.001). GFR levels of patients in RN Group versus SN Group were as follows: Preoperative period: 84.9 vs. 81 mL/min/1.73 m2; postoperative 1st day: 60.5 vs. 84.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, postoperative 1st month 58.9 vs. 76 mL/min/1.73 m2, postoperative 1st year: 59.5 vs. 74.1 mL/min/1.73 m2; at last control 60.3 and 76.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. While preoperative GFR was found to be similar in two groups (p = 0.26), postoperative GFR values were found to be significantly lower in Group RN (p < 0.001). In comparison of the decrease in GFR in two groups at last follow-up, significantly higher decrease was observed in RN Group, 29% vs. 6%, (p < 0.05). Conclusion The decrease in GFR exists more common and intensive after RN compared to SN. In long-term, compensation mechanisms that develop after sudden nephron loss like radical nephrectomy deteriorates kidney function more than gradual nephron loss as in benign etiologies which indicates simple nephrectomy

Preparation of Mc3T3-E1 Cell Sheets Through Short-Term Osteogenic Medium Application

Cell sheet engineering is an emerging field based on the acquisition of cells together with their extracellular matrix (ECM) and is used not only in vitro but also in regeneration studies of various tissues in the clinic. Within this scope, wide variety of cell types have been investigated in terms of sheet formation and underlying mechanism. MC3T3-E1 is a mouse pre-osteoblast cell line that has greatly attracted researchers' attention for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications thanks to its high proliferation and differentiation properties. The potential of MC3T3-E1 cells on sheet formation and the effects of culture conditions have not been investigated in detail. This study aims to examine the effects of growth and osteogenic medium on cell sheet formation of MC3T3-E1. As a result of this study; intact, ECM-rich, transferable cell sheets at the beginning of the mineralization phase of the differentiation process were obtained by using osteogenic medium. Hereafter, 3D tissue model can be constructed by stacking MC3T3 cell sheets in vitro. This 3D model can conveniently be used for the development of novel biomaterials and in vitro drug screening applications to reduce the need for animal experiments.WoSScopu

Surgical method for critical sized cranial defects in rat cranium

Cranial tissue models are a widely used model to show the bone repair and the regeneration ability of candidate biomaterials for tissue engineering purposes. Until now, efficacy studies of different biomaterials for calvarial defect bone regeneration have been reported, generally in small animal models. This paper offers a versatile, reliable, and reproducible surgical method for creating a critical-sized cranial defect in rats including critical steps and tried-and-tested tips. The method proposed here, • Shows a general procedure for in vivo cranial models. • Provide an insight to restore bone tissue repair that may be used in combination with several tissue engineering strategies • Is a crucial technique that may guide in vivo bone tissue engineering

A typical method for decellularization of plants as biomaterials

Decellularization is a process by which cells are removed from tissues or organs, leaving behind the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. This process has gained interest in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a way to prepare suitable scaffolds for tissue reconstruction. Although the initial efforts come with the animal tissues, this technique can also be applied to various plant tissues with simple modifications, as plant-derived biomaterials have the benefit of being biocompatible and serving as a safe, all-natural substitute for synthetic or animal originated materials. Additionally, plant-derived biomaterials may help cells grow and differentiate, creating a three-dimensional environment for tissue regeneration and repair. Here we demonstrate a general method for plant tissue decellularization, including already experienced approaches and techniques. • Exhibit the basic steps for plant decellularization, which may be applied to several other plant tissues. • The proposed approach may be optimized considering various intended uses. • Gives basic information for the determination of decellularization efficiency

Hollow Microneedle Array Fabrication with Rational Design to Prevent Skin Clogging in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Microneedle (MN) technology is a promising candidate to replace hypodermic needles for practical use and painless drug delivery. However, the complex top-down fabrication process of functional MN arrays is a bottleneck that hinders their widespread use. Here, we fabricate the tapered hollow MN array with a unique bi-level-tip by combining strain-engineering and capillary self-assembly of carbon nanotube (CNT) microstructures. Strain-engineering facilitated by the offset pattern of the catalyst enables the growth of bent, bi-level CNT microstructures while capillary self-assembly helps constituting the tapered geometry of MNs. The bottom-up fabrication that consists of only two standard photolithography steps and CNT growth to form the scaffold of MNs followed by a polymer (polyimide) reinforcement step to impart mechanical stiffness to MNs provides scalable and less processing steps. The tapered shape of the MN allows 8 times less force to pierce and penetrate the skin compared to the straight MN. The liquid delivery rate of the bi-level-tip MN is measured to be 26% better than the flat tip MN of the same lumen size as its geometry reduces skin clogging effect at the needle tip. In addition, cytotoxicity tests verify that the polyimide reinforced CNT-MNs are biocompatible for future in-vivo applications

Relationship between immunohistochemical staining extent of CD47 and histopathologic features of bladder tumor

WOS: 000418412900003PubMed ID: 29410884Introduction It has been shown that CD47 is an important diagnostic and prognostic marker in many cancer types. However, the relationship between CD47 and bladder tumor stage has not been shown in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the association of CD47 with stages of bladder cancer. Material and methods Surgical specimens of 175 patients were included in the study. The CD47 staining assessment was performed in the following categories; none, focal, moderate and diffuse. The statistics of the study were tested using t-test and analysis of variance. Results We demonstrated much less CD47 staining extent in Ta tumor pathology compared to T1 and T1+T2+T3+T4 tumor pathology (p = 0.034 and p = 0.016, respectively). We also showed that the average value of CD47 staining extent with CIS+ was significantly higher compared to CIS-among NMIBC p = 0.0248). However, no significant differences in CD47 staining pattern were observed in the following study groups: high vs. low-grade tumors in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); MIBC (T2-T4) vs. NMIBC; lymph node involvement (N1-N3) vs. non- lymph node involvement (N0) in MIBC (T2-T4). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that CD47 might have a critical role in the progression of Ta to T1 stage. Furthermore, we showed that CD47 is highly expressed in CIS+ NMIBC compared to CIS-NMIBC. Thus, differentiating stages with the help of this new potential marker may help clinicians treat bladder tumors better. Future studies to determine the role of CD47 on pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis of bladder tumor are warranted

The safety of deferring operation for prostate carcinoma during the COVID-19 period

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the restructuring of healthcare delivery. There have been delays in fighting against leading problems such as cancer in this process. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among urological malignancies. We aim to evaluate the differences between patient populations diagnosed with PCa before and during the pandemic and underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) as a treatment. The study was designed retrospectively in a single center. The pathologic, clinic and demographic of patients who underwent RP between 11.03.2020, which is the first date of the pandemic in Turkey, and 31.12.2020 and between 11.03.2019 and 31.12.2019 were compared. 327 patients were appropriate for inclusion criteria. 125 of them were operated during the pandemic and 202 of them before the pandemic. The median between prostate biopsy and RP was 82 days before the pandemic and 97 days during the pandemic (p=0.04). Although there was a significantly longer time between biopsy and RP during the pandemic, gleason score upgrading, upstaging, biochemical recurrence and lymph node involvement were not found significantly different. Additionally, in groups made by the D&apos;amico risk classification, no significant difference was found between the two periods in Gleason Score Upgrading and Upstaging. The deferrability of malignancy treatment is an important problem for the health system due to the high number of oncology patients. The current pandemic has increased the importance of patient selection to minimize the harmful effects of deferred operations. This study showed that the delay of surgery does not affect the oncologic results for PCa. [Med-Science 2022; 11(4.000): 1720-4

Comparison of long-term kidney functions after radical nephrectomy and simple nephrectomy

Objective. To determine if there is a difference in proceeding to CKD between patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy (RN) and simple nephrectomy (SN) for different indications by comparing the short- and long-term renal function

Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite Cryogels with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 for Calvarial Defects

Over recent years, several tissue engineering techniques are used for bone regeneration. In this study gelatin-hydroxyapatite (Gelatin-HA) cryogel scaffolds were used with/without bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) to heal critical sized bone defects. Release of growth factors from the cryogels were performed up to 28 days in vitro. Moreover, in vivo study were performed by 6 groups and results were evaluated by micro computerized tomography (mu-CT) and histology on 2 months and 4 months after surgery. Gene expression studies were also performed on 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery. Collagen type I (Col I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OSC) gene expression levels were analyzed. According to histology and mu-CT results, there was a significant bone healing in the BMP-2 containing gelatin-HA cryogel group (Group I) as compared to other groups except autograft applied group (Group IV). Moreover, significant increases were observed for Col I, ALP and OSC in Group I and Group IV. However there was no significant increase in the group of BMP-2 and TGF-beta 1 applied together (Group II). The results reveal that combination of gelatin-HA cryogels with BMP-2 is a promising candidate for healing in critical sized craniofacial bone defects