An Unusual Appearance of Double Right Coronary Artery

Double right coronary artery (RCA) is an extremely rare coronary artery anomaly. We aimed to report an atherosclerotic double RCA which appeared after primary percutaneous intervention performed to treat acute inferior myocardial infarction. This is the first case in the literature, which the coronary arteries that can be accepted as double RCA have been hidden by total atherosclerotic occlusion of the proximal part of the RCA. In this paper, also the definition, correct diagnosis, and appropriate diagnostic methods for double RCA were discussed

Wave - Induced Suspended Sediment Flux Degradation due to Emergent Vegetation

It is well known that sediment movement is affected by aquatic vegetation under flow and wave conditions. However this impact is not fully understood yet. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of emergent vegetation on suspended sediment flux under wave conditions. In this context, an experimental study was conducted and wave orbital velocities and suspended sediment concentrations are measured through 4 m long emergent reeds under regular waves. Suspended sediment fluxes were calculated and the results of these calculations were evaluated. The results showed that the depth integrated suspended sediment flux were retained 75% to 90% due to vegetation

The effect of reed beds on wave attenuation and suspended sediment concentration

The effect of emergent and submerged vegetation on uniform and oscillatory flow conditions has been intensively studied by researchers in the last two decades. It has been determined that vegetation affects wave characteristics and cause wave attenuation especially in shallow waters where wave orbitals are in interaction with vegetation. Consequently they affect sediment deposition and resuspension acting as a sink. The aim of this study is to determine wave attenuation due to vegetation, and to identify the effect of emergent vegetation on suspended sediment concentration. In this experimental study, a reed bed was established on a sandy bottom in a wave flume in ITU Hydraulics Laboratory. Regular waves with different wave steepness were generated in the flume and water surface elevations through the reed bed were measured using resistance type wave gauges. Suspended sediment concentration time series were measured using OPCON along depth. The gradual wave attenuation due to reed bed was determined and wave transmission coefficients for different waves were found between 0.35 and 0.55 and these values are reversely proportional with wave steepness. It has been found out that wave attenuation also decreases with increasing KC numbers. Suspended sediment concentration measurements inside the reed bed were a little bit harder to interpret, but a decrease in concentration; before the waves reach the reed bed and after the waves left the reed bed, was determined. In spite of many studies on effects of vegetation on flow conditions there is still a lack of understanding vegetation-flow interaction and sedimentation around them. This study is an attempt to make a contribution on this topic

Chorzy trudni nietypowi Istotne zwężenie proksymalnej części lewej tętnicy podobojczykowej objawiające się brakiem tętna na tętnicy promieniowej lewej i nawracającymi bólami wieńcowymi po operacji pomostowania wieńcowego

Stenosis of the subclavian artery, before the left internal mammary artery branch, is an important problem for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting, with an incidence rate of 0.5-1.1%. In this paper, a case of left subclavian artery stenosis, which developed after coronary artery bypass surgery and led to recurrent anginal attacks in the patient, is presented

Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence in patients with diabetes mellitus and its relationship with microvascular complications

Introduction: Diabetic patients are susceptible to bacterial, viral and fungal infections because of various deficiencies in the immune system. Aim: To investigate a possible link between hepatitis B/C prevalence and microvascular complications as well as duration of diabetes. Material and methods: In total 1263 diabetic patients (1149 type 2, 114 type 1) were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 1482 healthy blood donors who were over 40 years old. All diabetic patients were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV beside routine laboratory tests. Diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to their diabetes duration, and all of the patients were scanned for microvascular complications. Demographic data of all patients were recorded. Results : HBsAg seropositivity was 3.7% in diabetic patients and 1.08% in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). HBsAg positivity rates in type 1 and type 2 diabetics were 0.8% and 4%, respectively (p = 0.09). HCV seropositivity was 2.2% for diabetics and 0.5% for the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Also, no relationship was found between microvascular complications of diabetes and hepatitis B/C seropositivity. Conclusions : Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence was found to be increased in diabetes mellitus; however, there was no relationship between hepatitis seroprevalence and the duration or microvascular complications of diabetes

The Impact of Isolated Obesity on Right Ventricular Function in Young Adults

FUNDAMENTO: A obesidade é um fator de risco independente para as doenças cardiovasculares. Os efeitos da obesidade sobre a estrutura e função do ventriculo esquerdo têm sido relatados, mas, relativamente, pouco se sabe sobre o funcionamento do ventrículo direito (VD) na obesidade. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as alterações subclínicas do VD em adultos jovens obesos, porém saudáveis, por ecocardiografia convencional e Doppler tecidual (TDI). MÉTODOS: Neste estudo, foram incluídos 35 indivíduos saudáveis de peso normal, com um índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 kg/m2 (grupo I), 27 indivíduos com um IMC de 30-34,99 kg/m2 (grupo II) e 42 indivíduos com um IMC > 35 kg/m2 (grupo III). Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a ecocardiografia transtorácica. Além de medidas ecocardiográficas padrão, as velocidades sistólicas de pico do anel tricúspide (Sm), e as velocidado pico diastólico precoce (Em) e final (Am), tempo de contração isovolumétrica (TCIm), tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (TRIm), e o tempo de ejecção (TEm) foram obtidos por TDI e o índice de desempenho do miocárdico do VD (IDMm) foi calculado. RESULTADOS: No grupo II, a razão Em/Am do VD foi significativamente menor e o TRIm e o IDMm foram significativamente maiores em relação ao grupo I (p < 0,01). A Sm, Em, e a razão Em/Am do VD foram significativamente menores e TRIm e IDMm do VD foram significativamente maiores no grupo III em relação ao grupo II (p < 0,05 para Sm e TRIm do VD e p < 0,01 para os outros parâmetros). A Am do VD diferiu significativamente entre os grupos I e III (p < 0,05). O IMC teve uma correlação negativa significante com a Sm, Em, e a razão Em/Am do VD, mas uma correlação positiva com o IDM do VD (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo mostrou que a obesidade isolada em adultos jovens normotensos foi associada com disfunções subclínicas na estrutura e função do VD