MEE_SPOT_Fig5_ColonyLocomotion

Meteorological data and time lapse image recordings (04/02/2013 to 04/07/2013) used to evaluate the influence of wind speed and wind direction on the position of the Atka Bay emperor penguin colon

MEE_SPOT_Fig6_SingleLocomotion

Video (4008x2672, 5 fps, 60s) recorded on 07/22/2013 at 11:40:47 UTC used to evaluate the movement characteristics of single emperor penguins at the huddle boundarie

MEE_SPOT_Fig4_Abundance

High resolution panoramic images for 04/01/2014 to 04/21/2014 used to evaluate emperor penguin numbers and arrival patter

Intermixed Terpyridine-Functionalized Monolayers on Gold: Nonlinear Relationship between Terpyridyl Density and Metal Ion Coordination Properties

Aiming at the functionalization of surfaces with terpyridine anchors for the coordinative deposition of additional layers, mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were prepared from binary solutions of 12-(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-4′-yl)­dodecane-1-thiol (TDT) and 1-decanethiol (DT). The SAMs and the order of the constituting molecules were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The composition of the (TDT/DT)-SAMs and with it the surface density of terpyridyl groups correlates linearly with the relative concentrations of the two compounds in the solution used for depositing them. In marked contrast, the amount of terpyridine-coordinated Pd^II ions significantly deviates from this trend with an optimum at a 1:3 ratio of TDT/DT. This indicates a major fraction of the terpyridines in TDT-rich SAMs not to be accessible for Pd^II ion coordination. In agreement, NEXAFS spectroscopy reveals the alkyl backbones in TDT-rich SAMs not to be ordered, while they are preferentially upright oriented in the optimal 1:3-(TDT/DT)-SAMs. We interpret this in terms of terpyridine backfolding in TDT-rich SAMs, while they are located in accessible positions on top of the SAM in the 1:3-(TDT/DT)-SAM. While the alkyl backbones in the 1:3-(TDT/DT)-SAM are ordered, NEXAFS spectroscopy shows the terpyridyl groups not to have a preferential orientation in this SAM and thus retain enough flexibility to adjust to molecules that are deposited on top of the mixed SAM. In conclusion, the novel SAM does not undergo phase separation and consists predominantly of intermixed phases with adjustable surface density of quite flexible terpyridine anchor groups. The terpyridine–Pd^II anchors are not only available for a future deposition of the next layer, but the metal ions also represent a sensitive probe for the accessibility of the terpyridyl groups

Deposition of Ordered Layers of Tetralactam Macrocycles and Ether Rotaxanes on Pyridine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold

The deposition of tetralactam macrocycles and the corresponding benzyl ether rotaxanes on gold substrates is investigated for the first time exploiting metallo-supramolecular chemistry. Two pyridine-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are developed that are used as well-ordered template layers. The two SAMs differ with respect to the rigidity of the terminal pyridines as shown by angle-resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The template layers are then used for the metal-mediated self-assembly of macrocylces and rotaxanes on solid supports. The SAM with the more rigid terminal pyridine shows a higher coverage with the macrocycles and is therefore preferable. Angle-resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy also shows the deposited supramolecules to be oriented preferentially upright. This order is only achieved for the macrocycles through the deposition on the more rigid SAM template, whereas rotaxanes form oriented layers on both SAMs. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine the deposition time required for the self-assembly process

Sequence-Programmable Multicomponent Multilayers of Nanometer-Sized Tetralactam Macrocycles on Gold Surfaces

Multicomponent multilayers have been deposited on gold surfaces by metal-ion-mediated layer-by-layer self-assembly of differently functionalized tetralactam macrocycles. The layer stack can be programmed with respect to the sequences of metal ions and macrocycles by the deposition sequence

Supplementary Materials from Advances in remote sensing of emperor penguins: first multi-year time series documenting trends in the global population

Figures S1-S2 and Tables S1-S4, showing posterior predictive checks, modeled indices, simulation results, a description of the population model, summary of parameters, and locations of apparent colony absence