Overview of University Actions Aimed at The Nutrition of Two Indigenous Communities In The Interior of The State of Mato Grosso Do Sul – Brazil: Report of Experience In Public Policies

The diet composed of adequate food is reported in the literature as one of the aspects of health promotion and maintenance, and it is the duty and obligation of the State to promote public policies that seek to meet these needs of the population. However, due to a number of factors, the minority or vulnerable populations end up not benefiting from a good part of the projects in force in Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to conduct a case study with two indigenous communities living in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, listing the main points related to food practices, evaluation of the state of health in force and measures that help adherence to good food practices. The largest target audience was children from 0 (zero) to 12 (twelve) years, totaling 190 (one hundred and ninety), followed by newborns and puerperals who totaled 14 (fourteen) family nuclei and the elderly population of the community, which totaled 15 (fifteen). The service team was composed of Nutritionist, Health Agent, Social Worker and Nutrition Intern professionals. Several activities were developed, occurring according to the public attended during the different days of visit in the villages, mainly home visits, community actions such as vaccination campaigns, lectures and collective guidance. It is concluded that the measures adopted in public policies related to feeding the indigenous community is a powerful tool to provide the benefits for a better quality of life, well-being and maintenance of the health of indigenous peoples

Food Science from the Perspective of the Nutrition Professional

This work had as thematic the study in analysis of foods from the perspective of the nutrition professional. The objective of the research was to seek the training of this professional for the then analysis of the performance in quality control and formulation of products, with the perspective of assistance to projects carried out on site. This research was conducted in a community cafeteria located in a university in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. As a data collection tool, preparation technical sheets were used in which costs were collected, the preparation order, and the nutritional value provided. Sensory observation was used as an analysis of the data in order to measure and analyze and interpret the reactions of food and material characteristics. It appears that with the identification, attributions and activities developed by a nutritionist in the area, it became possible to analyze the processing of raw material and industrialized food products, according to the needs presented by the site. As for the points not reached were not due to any other factors than those related to the specificities of the research site, which did not prevent the acquisition of theoretical, practical, scientific, social and environmental knowledge of the points concerning the area of action of the nutritionist professional within the field of food science

Nutritional Intervention in the Area of Clinical Nutrition in a Hospital Environment: A Report of Field Experience

The present experience report narrates a nutritional intervention in the area of individual and collective clinical nutrition that took place in a University Hospital (HU) in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. The main objective of this field work was the professional training for hospital and outpatient nutritional care through general and specific activities performed on site. The specific activities consisted in writing care protocols and standardization of hospital diets while the general activities consisted in the analysis of medical records, survey of clinical diagnoses, proposal of dietotherapic conduct, monitoring of nutritional status, prescription and dietary adequacy, preparation of nutritional guidelines and development, presentation and discussion of clinical cases. This work also reports on the difficulties in implementing and carrying out this intervention agenda and, given the results obtained, it was concluded that the field experience in the hospital area was a valid and beneficial opportunity in which it was possible to harmonize theory with practice

FLORAÇÃO E BIOLOGIA FLORAL DO MAXIXEIRO

A produção do maxixeiro é quase que exclusivamente de forma subespontânea resultando em baixo rendimento e qualidade de frutos. Estudos evidenciam que a produção de maxixe depende da polinização cruzada realizada principalmente por abelhas que realizam este processo ao visitar as flores. Pouco se conhece sobre a biologia floral do maxixeiro. Desta forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi registrar o período de floração, a relação sexual entre os tipos florais e aspectos da biologia floral como a viabilidade e germinação polínica, receptividade do estigma, volume de néctar e a quantidade de grãos de pólen por antera. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental no Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais – DTCS do Campus III – UNEB em Juazeiro - Bahia no período de setembro a dezembro de 2015. Foram cultivadas um total de 139 mudas do maxixe Liso Calcutá e 19 mudas do maxixe Crioulo, no espaçamento de 3,0x1,0m e irrigadas por gravidade. O cultivo adotado nesta área foi o convencional. O acompanhamento da floração mostrou que a variedade Crioula foi mais precoce que a Liso Calcutá, porém a segunda apesar de apresentar menor relação frutos/planta, registrou um maior volume (peso) de produção, sendo assim a mais indicada para produção em larga escala

FLORAÇÃO E BIOLOGIA FLORAL DO MAXIXEIRO

A produção do maxixeiro é quase que exclusivamente de forma subespontânea resultando em baixo rendimento e qualidade de frutos. Estudos evidenciam que a produção de maxixe depende da polinização cruzada realizada principalmente por abelhas que realizam este processo ao visitar as flores. Pouco se conhece sobre a biologia floral do maxixeiro. Desta forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi registrar o período de floração, a relação sexual entre os tipos florais e aspectos da biologia floral como a viabilidade e germinação polínica, receptividade do estigma, volume de néctar e a quantidade de grãos de pólen por antera. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental no Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais – DTCS do Campus III – UNEB em Juazeiro - Bahia no período de setembro a dezembro de 2015. Foram cultivadas um total de 139 mudas do maxixe Liso Calcutá e 19 mudas do maxixe Crioulo, no espaçamento de 3,0x1,0m e irrigadas por gravidade. O cultivo adotado nesta área foi o convencional. O acompanhamento da floração mostrou que a variedade Crioula foi mais precoce que a Liso Calcutá, porém a segunda apesar de apresentar menor relação frutos/planta, registrou um maior volume (peso) de produção, sendo assim a mais indicada para produção em larga escala

AVALIAÇÃO NEUROBIOLOGICA DO USO DA RITALINA EM PACIENTES NÃO PORTADORES DE TDHA

The non-therapeutic use of Ritalin, or methylphenidate, among individuals without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has increased, especially in academic settings, due to its potential to improve attention and cognitive performance. This study reviews the neurobiological effects of this use in individuals without ADHD. Changes in brain activity, especially in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, were compared, alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission were investigated, and differences in neuropsychological performance before and after the use of Ritalin were assessed. The review included articles published between 2011 and 2024 in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases, focusing on the neurobiological effects of Ritalin in individuals without ADHD. Results indicate that, despite temporary improvements in concentration and working memory, prolonged use may cause anxiety, tachycardia, changes in appetite, and dependence, as well as reduce the effectiveness of the medication due to tolerance. It is concluded that the risks to physical and mental health outweigh the short-term cognitive benefits. It is essential to raise awareness about the dangers of non-prescribed use of Ritalin and to promote healthy alternatives for cognitive enhancement, as well as to develop evidence-based guidelines to minimize the risks of unsupervised stimulant use.O uso não terapêutico da Ritalina, ou metilfenidato, entre indivíduos sem Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) tem aumentado, principalmente em ambientes acadêmicos, devido ao seu potencial para melhorar a atenção e o desempenho cognitivo. Este estudo revisa os efeitos neurobiológicos desse uso em indivíduos sem TDAH. Foram comparadas as alterações na atividade cerebral, especialmente no córtex pré-frontal e sistema límbico, investigadas mudanças na neurotransmissão dopaminérgica e avaliadas as diferenças no desempenho neuropsicológico antes e após o uso da Ritalina.    A revisão incluiu artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2024 nas bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Google Scholar, focando nos efeitos neurobiológicos da Ritalina em indivíduos sem TDAH. Resultados indicam que, apesar de melhorias temporárias na concentração e memória de trabalho, o uso prolongado pode causar ansiedade, taquicardia, alterações no apetite e dependência, além de reduzir a eficácia do medicamento devido à tolerância.    Conclui-se que os riscos à saúde física e mental superam os benefícios cognitivos de curto prazo. É essencial conscientizar sobre os perigos do uso não prescrito da Ritalina e promover alternativas saudáveis para o aprimoramento cognitivo, além de desenvolver diretrizes baseadas em evidências para minimizar os riscos do uso não supervisionado de estimulantes

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research