680 research outputs found
Precursors of Cytochrome Oxidase in Cytochrome-Oxidase-Deficient Cells of Neurospora crassa
Three different cell types of Neurospora crassa deficient in cytochrome oxidase were studied: the nuclear mutant cni-1, the cytoplasmic mutant mi-1 and copper-depleted wild-type cells.
* 1.
The enzyme-deficient cells have retained a functioning mitochondrial protein synthesis. It accounted for 12–16% of the total protein synthesis of the cell. However, the analysis of mitochondrial translation products by gel electrophoresis revealed that different amounts of individual membrane proteins were synthesized. Especially mutant cni-1 produced large amounts of a small molecular weight translation product, which is barely detectable in wild-type.
* 2.
Mitochondrial preparations of cytochrome-oxidase-deficient cells were examined for precursors of cytochrome oxidase. The presence of polypeptide components of cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondria was established with specific antibodies. On the other hand, no significant amounts of heme a could be extracted.
* 3.
Radioactively labelled components of cytochrome oxidase were isolated by immunoprecipitation and analysed by gel electrophoresis. All three cell types contained the enzyme components 4–7, which are translated on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The mitochondrially synthesized components 1–3 were present in mi-1 mutant and in copper-depleted wild-type cells. In contrast, components 2 and 3 were not detectable in the nuclear mutant cni-1. Both relative and absolute amounts of these polypeptides in the enzyme-deficient cells were quite different from those in wild-type cells.
* 4.
The components of cytochrome oxidase found in the enzyme-deficient cells were tightly associated with the mitochondrial membranes.
* 5.
Processes, which affect and may control the production of enzyme precursors or their assembly to a functional cytochrome oxidase are discussed
Characterization and modeling of magnetic domain wall dynamics using reconstituted hysteresis loops from Barkhausen noise
International audienc
Sur une épidémie de botulisme humain Enquête et hypothèses étiologiques : Rôle possible du fromage et des paillons
Gilles G., Jouglard J., Sebald M. Sur une épidémie de botulisme humoin Enquête et hypothèses étiologiques : Rôle possible du fromage et des paillons. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 127 n°3, 1974. pp. 165-174
Requirement of a Membrane Potential for the Posttranslational Transfer of Proteins into Mitochondsria
Posttranslational transfer of most precursor proteins into mitochondria is dependent on energization of the mitochondria. Experiments were carried out to determine whether the membrane potential or the intramitochondrial ATP is the immediate energy source. Transfer in vitro of precursors to the ADP/ATP carrier and to ATPase subunit 9 into isolated Neurospora mitochondria was investigated. Under conditions where the level of intramitochondrial ATP was high and the membrane potential was dissipated, import and processing of these precursor proteins did not take place. On the other hand, precursors were taken up and processed when the intramitochondrial ATP level was low, but the membrane potential was not dissipated. We conclude that a membrane potential is involved in the import of those mitochondrial precursor proteins which require energy for intracellular translocatio
Finsler geometry modeling of reverse piezoelectric effect in PVDF
We apply the Finsler geometry (FG) modeling technique to study the electric field-induced strain in ferroelectric polymers. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) has a negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient, which is unusual in ferroelectrics, and therefore the shape changes in this material are hard to predict. We find that the results of Monte Carlo simulations for the FG model are in good agreement with experimental strain-electric field curves of PVDF-based polymers in both longitudinal and transverse directions. This implies that FG modeling is suitable for reproducing the reverse piezoelectric effect in PVDF
Different Transport Pathways of Individual Precursor Proteins in Mitochondria
Transport of mitochondrial precursor proteins into mitochondria of Neurospora crassa was studied in a cellfree reconstituted system. Precursors were synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate programmed with Neurospora mRNA and transported into isolated mitochondria in the absence of protein synthesis. Uptake of the following precursors was investigated: apocytochrome c, ADP/ATP carrier and subunit 9 of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase.
Addition of high concentrations of unlabelled chemically prepared apocytochrome c (1–10 μM) inhibited the appearance in the mitochondrial of labelled cytochrome c synthesized in vitro because the unlabelled protein dilutes the labelled one and because the translocation system has a limited capacity [apparent V is 1–3 pmol × min−1× (mg mitochondrial protein)−1]. Concentrations of added apocytochrome c exceeding the concentrations of precursor proteins synthesized in vitro by a factor of about 104 did not inhibit the transfer of ADP/ATP carrier or ATPase subunit 9 into mitochondria. Carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibited transfer in vitro of ADP/ATP carrier and of ATPase subunit 9, but not of cytochrome c.
These findings suggest that cytochrome c and the other two proteins have different import pathways into mitochondria. It can be inferred from the data presented that different 'receptors' on the mitochondrial surface mediate the specific recognition of precursor proteins by mitochondria as a first step in the transport process
On the magnetism of Ln{2/3}Cu{3}Ti{4}O{12} (Ln = lanthanide)
The magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the complete
LnCuTiO series were investigated. Here stands for
the lanthanides La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb. %Most
of the compounds were prepared as single phase polycrystalline powder %without
any traces of impurities. Marginal amounts of %impurities were
detected Gd, Er, and Tm. %Significant amounts of impurity phases were
found for Ce and Yb. All the samples investigated crystallize in the
space group with lattice constants that follow the lanthanide
contraction. The lattice constant of the Ce compound reveals the presence of
Ce leading to the composition CeCuTiO. From
magnetic susceptibility and electron-spin resonance experiments it can be
concluded that the copper ions always carry a spin and order
antiferromagnetically close to 25\,K. The Curie-Weiss temperatures can
approximately be calculated assuming a two-sublattice model corresponding to
the copper and lanthanide ions, respectively. It seems that the magnetic
moments of the heavy rare earths are weakly coupled to the copper spins, while
for the light lanthanides no such coupling was found. The moments remain
paramagnetic down to the lowest temperatures, with the exception of the Tm
compound, which indicates enhanced Van-Vleck magnetism due to a non-magnetic
singlet ground state of the crystal-field split manifold. From
specific-heat measurements we accurately determined the antiferromagnetic
ordering temperature and obtained information on the crystal-field states of
the rare-earth ions. The heat-capacity results also revealed the presence of a
small fraction of Ce in a magnetic state.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
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