Ruinas, círculos, construcciones

This article is organized around three groups of 'citations' from architectural forms, texts, images, which generate three options of imagination, representation and reading of space: ruins, circular constructions, and rhetoric (in particular figures of repetition). I discuss the story of Borges "Las ruinas circulares" and examples from Iain Sinclair, London orbital (2002), Gianni Biondillo and Michele Monina, Tangenziali. Due viandanti ai bordi della città (2010), and Nicolò Bassetti, Sapo Matteucci, Sacro romano GRA (2013). The circularity generates a repetitive and disparate look allowing the observation of a complementary rhythm of destruction and construction characteristic of progress in the world

World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections

Peer reviewe

La fondation de recherche et développement de l’Université Simon Bolivar et le parc technologique Sartenejas

Les diverses études menées sur l’avenir technologique des pays développés montrent toutes que la maîtrise dans ce domaine dépendra de plus en plus de l’intensité des liens entre recherche et développement. Le maintien de la compétitivité pour la conservation ou la conquête de nouveaux marchés repose non seulement sur le rythme de la production de connaissances nouvelles mais aussi sur la vitesse de leur transfert du laboratoire aux lignes de production industrielle. Le développement des nouve..

Beyond Senate Bill 3: How to Achieve Environmental Flows in Texas Under Prior Appropriation

In 2007, the 80th Texas Legislature enacted Senate Bill 3 on the 140th and last day of session. This bill was the third far-reaching piece of water legislation after Senate Bill 1 passed in 1997 and Senate Billl 2 passed in 2001. Collectively, these bills changed how Texas plans for future water needs, regulates groundwater, promotes conservation, studies the need for environmental flows balanced with population needs, and establishes environmental flow standards for Texas’ rivers, bays, and estuaries. Senate Bill 3 created a process through which scientists, stakeholders, and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality set environmental flow standards. Over 12 years have passed since Senate Bill 3 became law, allowing us to consider the efficacy of the enabling legislation and the resulting rules. In short, identifying and securing water for the environment has been difficult due to little if any unallocated water in the state’s river basins and limitations in Senate Bill 3 and Texas Water Code. We identified seven options for the stakeholders and the state to consider to increase the protection of environmental flows while respecting private property rights: (1) protecting water-right owners that participate in forbearance agreements from cancellation, (2) pursuing cancellations and affirming abandonments, (3) requiring that cancelled or abandoned water be set-aside to meet environmental flow standards, (4) modernizing how surface-water use and diversions are tracked, (5) requiring water rights holders to demonstrate the pursuit of other water supplies before suspending environmental flows, (6) studying ways how environmental flows can co-exist and be protected within a prior-appropriation system, and (7) studying how dedications of water under existing water rights can be considered for tax credit or deductions so as to further incentivize transactions for environmental benefit. If implemented, these options could allow Texas and Texans to more closely achieve the desired outcomes hoped for from Senate Bill 3

Innovations technologiques et mutations industrielles en Amérique latine

Pour l'Amérique latine, les années quatre-vingts ont été définies par la CEPAL comme la "décennie perdue", dominées par la crise financière, économique, sociale, liée notamment à l'endettement, et marquées globalement par une chute de la production et du revenu per-capita réel au-dessous du niveau atteint en 1980. Cette décennie est celle de la rupture forcée avec le modèle de développement "Cépalien", celle des politiques d'ajustement structurel et d'ouverture au marché mondial, celle de la reformulation des interventions de l'Etat et de son désengagement de la production directe. Cette révolution, qui est aussi celle des modèles de référence et des mentalités, est étroitement liée à la révolution générale industrielle et technologique mondiale et à la compétition accrue qu'elle instaure entre les économies nationales et les pôles les plus avancées (États-Unis, Japon, Europe). Le problème de la désindustrialisation et de la reconversion industrielle a d'ailleurs été en Amérique latine au cœur des débats sur les sorties de crise, et les politiques publiques de l'innovation et la capacité des États latino-américains à constituer les bases technologiques d'un développement endogène ont été sérieusement questionnées. Les innovations technologiques largement diffusées et implantées aujourd'hui dans les pays industriels sont relativement récentes en Amérique latine, où cette implantation se fait de manière hétérogène à l'intérieur des pays et des systèmes productifs ; elles se concentrent particulièrement dans certaines régions, dans certaines branches d'activités, dans certains types d'entreprises et d'administrations. Pourtant ce processus est doté d'une grande puissance et ses effets dépassent largement le simple cadre de l'économie globale de ces pays. La dynamique du système innovation-reconversion industrielle-ouverture aboutit également à une nouvelle géographie latino-américaine : à l'échelle du continent, elle accroît la distance entre pays forçant leur marche vers l'intégration au "premier Monde", comme le Mexique et pays enlisés dans la crise comme le Pérou ; à l'intérieur de chaque pays, elle change le poids et la qualité relative des régions, ouvrant une fracture entre zones d'industrie d'exportation et régions refuges et faisant se côtoyer territoires technopolitains et zones de pauvreté et d'exclusion

Safety and immunogenicity of a subtype C ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine prime plus bivalent subtype C gp120 vaccine boost adjuvanted with MF59 or alum in healthy adults without HIV (HVTN 107): A phase 1/2a randomized trial.

BackgroundAdjuvants are widely used to enhance and/or direct vaccine-induced immune responses yet rarely evaluated head-to-head. Our trial directly compared immune responses elicited by MF59 versus alum adjuvants in the RV144-like HIV vaccine regimen modified for the Southern African region. The RV144 trial of a recombinant canarypox vaccine vector expressing HIV env subtype B (ALVAC-HIV) prime followed by ALVAC-HIV plus a bivalent gp120 protein vaccine boost adjuvanted with alum is the only trial to have shown modest HIV vaccine efficacy. Data generated after RV144 suggested that use of MF59 adjuvant might allow lower protein doses to be used while maintaining robust immune responses. We evaluated safety and immunogenicity of an HIV recombinant canarypox vaccine vector expressing HIV env subtype C (ALVAC-HIV) prime followed by ALVAC-HIV plus a bivalent gp120 protein vaccine boost (gp120) adjuvanted with alum (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum) or MF59 (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59) or unadjuvanted (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/no-adjuvant) and a regimen where ALVAC-HIV+gp120 adjuvanted with MF59 was used for the prime and boost (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministration).Methods and findingsBetween June 19, 2017 and June 14, 2018, 132 healthy adults without HIV in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique were randomized to receive intramuscularly: (1) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 36; (2) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 36; (3) 4 doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministered (months 0, 1, 6, and 12), n = 36; or (4) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/no adjuvant (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 24. Primary outcomes were safety and occurrence and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of vaccine-induced gp120-specific IgG and IgA binding antibodies at month 6.5. All vaccinations were safe and well-tolerated; increased alanine aminotransferase was the most frequent related adverse event, occurring in 2 (1.5%) participants (1 severe, 1 mild). At month 6.5, vaccine-specific gp120 IgG binding antibodies were detected in 100% of vaccinees for all 4 vaccine groups. No significant differences were seen in the occurrence and net MFI of vaccine-specific IgA responses between the ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59-prime-boost and ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum-prime-boost groups or between the ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59-prime-boost and ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministration groups. Limitations were the relatively small sample size per group and lack of evaluation of higher gp120 doses.ConclusionsAlthough MF59 was expected to enhance immune responses, alum induced similar responses to MF59, suggesting that the choice between these adjuvants may not be critical for the ALVAC+gp120 regimen.Trial registrationHVTN 107 was registered with the South African National Clinical Trials Registry (DOH-27-0715-4894) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03284710)