Raman Adiabatic Transfer of Optical States

We analyze electromagnetically induced transparency and light storage in an ensemble of atoms with multiple excited levels (multi-Lambda configuration) which are coupled to one of the ground states by quantized signal fields and to the other one via classical control fields. We present a basis transformation of atomic and optical states which reduces the analysis of the system to that of EIT in a regular 3-level configuration. We demonstrate the existence of dark state polaritons and propose a protocol to transfer quantum information from one optical mode to another by an adiabatic control of the control fields

Quantum adaptation of noisy channels

Probabilistic quantum filtering is proposed to properly adapt sequential independent quantum channels in order to stop sudden death of entanglement. In the adaptation, the quantum filtering does not distill or purify more entanglement, it rather properly prepares entangled state to the subsequent quantum channel. For example, the quantum adaptation probabilistically eliminates the sudden death of entanglement of two-qubit entangled state with isotropic noise injected into separate amplitude damping channels. The result has a direct application in quantum key distribution through noisy channels.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Photons as quasi-charged particles

The Schrodinger motion of a charged quantum particle in an electromagnetic potential can be simulated by the paraxial dynamics of photons propagating through a spatially inhomogeneous medium. The inhomogeneity induces geometric effects that generate an artificial vector potential to which signal photons are coupled. This phenomenon can be implemented with slow light propagating through an a gas of double-Lambda atoms in an electromagnetically-induced transparency setting with spatially varied control fields. It can lead to a reduced dispersion of signal photons and a topological phase shift of Aharonov-Bohm type

Cooperative behavior of qutrits with dipole-dipole interactions

We have identified a class of many body problems with analytic solution beyond the mean-field approximation. This is the case where each body can be considered as an element of an assembly of interacting particles that are translationally frozen multi-level quantum systems and that do not change significantly their initial quantum states during the evolution. In contrast, the entangled collective state of the assembly experiences an appreciable change. We apply this approach to interacting three-level systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Minor correction

Comparing the performance of baseball players : a multiple output approach

This article extends ideas from the economics literature on multiple output production and efficiency to develop methods for comparing baseball players that take into account the many dimensions to batting performance. A key part of this approach is the output aggregator. The weights in this output aggregator can be selected a priori (as is done with batting or slugging averages) or can be estimated statistically based on the performance of the best players in baseball. Once the output aggregator is obtained, an individual player can then be measured relative to the best, and a number between 0 and 1 characterizes his performance as a fraction of the best. The methods are applied to hitters using data from 1995-1999 on all regular players in baseball's major leagues

A Langevin analysis of fundamental noise limits in Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy

We use a Langevin approach to analyze the quantum noise in Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) in several experimental scenarios: with continuous wave input fields acting simultaneously and with fast sequential pulsed lasers where one field scatters off the coherence generated by other fields; and for interactions within a cavity and in free space. In all the cases, the signal as well as the quantum noise due to spontaneous decay and decoherence in the medium are shown to be described by the same general expression. Our theory in particular shows that for short interaction times, the medium noise is not important and the efficiency is limited only by the intrinsic quantum nature of the photon. We obtain fully analytic results \emph{without} making an adiabatic approximation, the fluctuations of the medium and the fields are self solved consistently.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing any face to face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institutions. Anatomy faces some unique challenges. Intrinsically, anatomy is a three-dimensional subject that requires a sound understanding of the relationships between structures, often achieved by the study of human cadaveric material, models and virtual resources. This study sought to identify the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland to deliver anatomical education through online means. Data were collected from 14 different universities in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and compared adopting a thematic analysis approach. Once themes were generated, they were collectively brought together using a strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Key themes included the opportunity to develop new online resources and the chance to engage in new academic collaborations. Academics frequently mentioned the challenge that time constrains could place on the quality and effectiveness of these resources; especially as in many cases the aim of these resources is to compensate for a lack of exposure to cadaveric exposure. Comparisons of the actions taken by multiple higher education institutions reveals the ways that academics have tried to balance this demand. Discussions will facilitate decisions being made by higher education institutions regarding adapting the curriculum and assessment methods in anatomy

Coherent control of atomic excitation using off-resonant strong few-cycle pulses

We study the dynamics of a two-level system driven by an off-resonant few-cycle pulse which has a phase jump $\phi$ at $t=t_{0}$, in contrast to many cycle pulses, under non rotating-wave approximation (NRWA). We give a closed form analytical solution for the evolution of the probability amplitude $|C_{a} (t)|$ for the upper level. Using the appropriate pulse parameters like phase-jump $\phi$, jump time $t_{0}$, pulse width $\tau$, frequency $\nu$ and Rabi frequency $\Omega_{0}$ the population transfer, after the pulse is gone, can be optimized and for the pulse considered here, enhancement of $10^{6}-10^{8}$ factor was obtained.Comment: 5 Pages, 7 Figure

Optical vortices of slow light using tripod scheme

We consider propagation, storing and retrieval of slow light (probe beam) in a resonant atomic medium illuminated by two control laser beams of larger intensity. The probe and two control beams act on atoms in a tripod configuration of the light-matter coupling. The first control beam is allowed to have an orbital angular momentum (OAM). Application of the second vortex-free control laser ensures the adiabatic (lossles) propagation of the probe beam at the vortex core where the intensity of the first control laser goes to zero. Storing and release of the probe beam is accomplished by switching off and on the control laser beams leading to the transfer of the optical vortex from the first control beam to the regenerated probe field. A part of the stored probe beam remains frozen in the medium in the form of atomic spin excitations, the number of which increases with increasing the intensity of the second control laser. We analyse such losses in the regenerated probe beam and provide conditions for the optical vortex of the control beam to be transferred efficiently to the restored probe beam.Comment: 2 figure

Emergent Radiation in an Atom-Field System at Twice-Resonance

A two-level atom interacting with a single mode of quantized electromagnetic radiation is discussed using a representation in which the atom and the radiation are unified into a {\em new} canonical radiation. At the {\em twice-resonance}, when the frequency of the original radiation is twice the atomic transition frequency ($\omega=2\epsilon$), the {\em emergent} unified field in the non-interacting atom-field system resembles a free radiation of frequency $\epsilon$. This free emergent radiation is further shown to exist in the presence of an interaction which looks similar to the atom-field interaction in the dipole approximation. The one-photon correlation and the population inversion are discussed as the possible means of observing the emergent radiation. The entanglement properties of the emergent radiation are also discussed.Comment: 4+ pages, 2 figures, submitted for publication; included a discussion on the entanglemen