Protein kinase A inhibition of macrophage maturation is accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation of the colonyâ stimulating factor 1 receptor gene

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134212/1/imm12641.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134212/2/imm12641_am.pd

Pull From the Knee: Proper Technique and Application

The pull from the knee is a weightlifting movement derivative that can be used in the teaching progression of the clean and snatch exercises. This exercise emphasizes positional strength during the transition phase and the triple extension of the hip, knee, and ankle joints that is characteristic of weightlifting movements

Prostaglandin E2 increases fibroblast geneâ specific and global DNA methylation via increased DNA methyltransferase expression

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154365/1/fsb2026009012.pd

The Countermovement Shrug

The countermovement shrug is a dynamic total body exercise allowing an athlete to become more efficient at producing force. The exercise provides an overload stimulus through utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle. This movement teaches the double knee bend and may improve extension at the top of the second pull for the clean and the snatch. This exercise can be used throughout the training year. This column provides a detailed description and figures of the proper exercise technique for a countermovement shrug

The Pull to Knee-Proper Biomechanics for a Weightlifting Movement Derivative

The pull to knee is an exercise that allows an athlete to become efficient in producing force with an overload stimulus, as well as it is a teaching modality for the initial pull from the floor in weightlifting. This movement emphasizes the precursor movement leading into the double knee bend position

The Clean Pull and Snatch Pull: Proper Technique for Weightlifting Movement Derivatives

The clean pull and snatch pull are exercises that use the double knee bend and triple extension involved in weightlifting movements. As a result, these pulling movements are used with the purpose of making an athlete more efficient at producing force with an overload stimulus. In addition, these exercises can be used as a teaching modality for the progressive development of the full clean or snatch

Pull From the Knee: Proper Technique and Application

The pull from the knee is a weightlifting movement derivative that can be used in the teaching progression of the clean and snatch exercises. This exercise emphasizes positional strength during the transition phase and the triple extension of the hip, knee, and ankle joints that is characteristic of weightlifting movements

Lung Fibroblasts from Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Exhibit Genome-Wide Differences in DNA Methylation Compared to Fibroblasts from Nonfibrotic Lung

<div><p>Excessive fibroproliferation is a central hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic, progressive disorder that results in impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure. Fibroblasts are the key effector cells in IPF, and aberrant expression of multiple genes contributes to their excessive fibroproliferative phenotype. DNA methylation changes are critical to the development of many diseases, but the DNA methylome of IPF fibroblasts has never been characterized. Here, we utilized the HumanMethylation 27 array, which assays the DNA methylation level of 27,568 CpG sites across the genome, to compare the DNA methylation patterns of IPF fibroblasts (n = 6) with those of nonfibrotic patient controls (n = 3) and commercially available normal lung fibroblast cell lines (n = 3). We found that multiple CpG sites across the genome are differentially methylated (as defined by P value less than 0.05 and fold change greater than 2) in IPF fibroblasts compared to fibroblasts from nonfibrotic controls. These methylation differences occurred both in genes recognized to be important in fibroproliferation and extracellular matrix generation, as well as in genes not previously recognized to participate in those processes (including organ morphogenesis and potassium ion channels). We used bisulfite sequencing to independently verify DNA methylation differences in 3 genes (<i>CDKN2B</i>, <i>CARD10</i>, and <i>MGMT</i>); these methylation changes corresponded with differences in gene expression at the mRNA and protein level. These differences in DNA methylation were stable throughout multiple cell passages. DNA methylation differences may thus help to explain a proportion of the differences in gene expression previously observed in studies of IPF fibroblasts. Moreover, significant variability in DNA methylation was observed among individual IPF cell lines, suggesting that differences in DNA methylation may contribute to fibroblast heterogeneity among patients with IPF. These results demonstrate that IPF fibroblasts exhibit global differences in DNA methylation that may contribute to the excessive fibroproliferation associated with this disease.</p></div

Variability in DNA methylation of IPF cells.

<p>A) Heirarchical cluster analysis was performed in each cell line studied, which also includes 3 separate samples of IMR-90 cells, a primary fetal fibroblast cell line. The mean methylation levels of the upstream <i>CARD10</i> promoter (B) and the methylation levels of the individual CpG sites in the <i>MGMT</i> promoter (C) were compared among each individual IPF cell line and nonfibrotic cell lines.</p