Sales and Investment: Behavior of Manufacturers 1949-1957

Since the appearance of Keynes\u27 General Theory the major point of macro-economic emphasis has been upon the conditions and inducements necessary for capital investment. The general view on the dynamic processes of the economy has been largely altered in this past quarter century. No longer do we believe that what is saved automatically finds its way into investment, with total demand---and, hence, income---remaining constant. The Great Depression the development of fairly decent time series, and the often biting words of Keynes have given business cycle theory a new outlook and a new direction. I do not propose to discuss all these facts in this short paper the consideration of the classical views and the examination of the ideas of Keynes and his successors can well be left to the reader. Instead, our attention shall be focused on a very limited aspect of the problem or capital investment, namely, the plant and equipment expenditures of manufacturers during a short period of time. An attempt will be made to go beyond the simple statistical analysis to discover other factors operative in this period, and their possible effects upon our results

Auto-Concealment of Supersymmetry in Extra Dimensions

In supersymmetric (SUSY) theories with extra dimensions the visible energy in sparticle decays can be significantly reduced and its energy distribution broadened, thus significantly weakening the present collider limits on SUSY. The mechanism applies when the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is a bulk state-- e.g. a bulk modulino, axino, or gravitino-- the size of the extra dimensions larger than ~$10^{-14}$ cm, and for a broad variety of visible sparticle spectra. In such cases the lightest ordinary supersymmetric particle (LOSP), necessarily a brane-localised state, decays to the Kaluza-Klein (KK) discretuum of the LSP. This dynamically realises the compression mechanism for hiding SUSY as decays into the more numerous heavier KK LSP states are favored. We find LHC limits on right-handed slepton LOSPs evaporate, while LHC limits on stop LOSPs weaken to ~350-410 GeV compared to ~700 GeV for a stop decaying to a massless LSP. Similarly, for the searches we consider, present limits on direct production of degenerate first and second generation squarks drop to ~450 GeV compared to ~800 GeV for a squark decaying to a massless LSP. Auto-concealment typically works for a fundamental gravitational scale of $M_*$~10-100 TeV, a scale sufficiently high that traditional searches for signatures of extra dimensions are mostly avoided. If superpartners are discovered, their prompt, displaced, or stopped decays can also provide new search opportunities for extra dimensions with the potential to reach $M_*$~$10^9$ GeV. This mechanism applies more generally than just SUSY theories, pertaining to any theory where there is a discrete quantum number shared by both brane and bulk sectors.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures. Minor changes to match published versio

Type II Quantum Computing Algorithm for Computational Fluid Dynamics

An algorithm is presented to simulate fluid dynamics on a three qubit type II quantum computer: a lattice of small quantum computers that communicate classical information. The algorithm presented is called a three qubit factorized quantum lattice gas algorithm. It is modeled after classical lattice gas algorithms which move virtual particles along an imaginary lattice and change the particles’ momentums using collision rules when they meet at a lattice node. Instead of moving particles, the quantum algorithm presented here moves probabilities, which interact via a unitary collision operator. Probabilities are determined using ensemble measurement and are moved with classical communications channels. The lattice node spacing is defined to be a microscopic scale length. A mesoscopic governing equation for the lattice is derived for the most general three qubit collision operator which preserves particle number. In the continuum limit of the lattice, a governing macroscopic partial differential equation—the diffusion equation—is derived for a particular collision operator using a Chapman- Enskog expansion. A numerical simulation of the algorithm is carried out on a conventional desktop computer and compared to the analytic solution of the diffusion equation. The simulation agrees very well with the known solution

Compensation: The American Way

This paper depicts a picture of American compensation systems and practices in light of concerns for equitable treatment of workers. It raises questions about these practices in reference to racial, gender, and executive pay levels in the U.S., and points out that the principle of equity applied regularly has fallen short when interests and needs of particular groups have been examined. Addressing this shortfall in relation to equity concerns is the key policy challenge facing the American compensation manager

The Latin Model of Compensation: Pay and Benefits Systems in Spain, Italy and France

This study begins with a brief discussion of influences shaping the development of industrial relations systems in France, Italy and Spain in the light of labor movement models proposed by Sturmthal and Scoville and by Lipset. It then turns to the early development of the complex systems of compensation found there, as well as implications for the generality of the Dunlop-Rothbaum hypothesis. Against this backdrop, it proceeds to a detailed discussion of compensation systems in the three countries

Adjustable microchip ring trap for cold atoms and molecules

We describe the design and function of a circular magnetic waveguide produced from wires on a microchip for atom interferometry using deBroglie waves. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic minimum for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms or molecules with a magnetic dipole moment. The design consists of seven circular wires sharing a common radius. We describe the design, the time-dependent currents of the wires and show that it is possible to form a circular waveguide with adjustable height and gradient while minimizing perturbation resulting from leads or wire crossings. This maximal area geometry is suited for rotation sensing with atom interferometry via the Sagnac effect using either cold atoms, molecules and Bose-condensed systems

The Plight of Bats in North America: Modifying Habitat to Improve Bat Diversity

Worldwide bats play an essential role in the ecosystems they inhabit. The use of pesticides, large scale wind power plants, and habitat degradation has all led to a decline in native bat populations (Jones et al. 93). As natural roosting locations continue to be destroyed or otherwise disturbed by humans, local bats are left with even fewer quality roosting locations. North American bats are also dealing with the novel disease known as White Known Syndrome, which has caused massive fatalities as well as local extinctions in native bats. This is a fungal pathogen that attacks bats while they are in a torpor state, and ultimately results in the death of the bat host. As bat populations continue to decrease there is potential for major economic impacts to the agricultural industry, many of the insects bats prey on we consider agricultural pests. It is believed that habitat modifications are one solution to bolster locals bat populations. This project aims to identify, as well as implement ways habitat modifications can be used to increase bat diversity at a local level

Infall, Fragmentation and Outflow in Sgr B2

Observations of H$_{2}$CO lines and continuum at 1.3 mm towards Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M) cores were carried out with the SMA. We imaged H$_{2}$CO line absorption against the continuum cores and the surrounding line emission clumps. The results show that the majority of the dense gas is falling into the major cores where massive stars have been formed. The filaments and clumps of the continuum and gas are detected outside of Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M) cores. Both the spectra and moment analysis show the presence of outflows from Sgr B2(M) cores. The H$_{2}$CO gas in the red-shifted outflow of Sgr B2(M) appears to be excited by a non-LTE process which might be related to the shocks in the outflow.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Published in J. Physics Conference Serie

Collisional decoherence in trapped atom interferometers that use non-degenerate sources

The coherence time, and thus sensitivity, of trapped atom interferometers that use non-degenerate gasses are limited by the collisions between the atoms. An analytic model that describes the effects of collisions between atoms in an interferometer is developed. It is then applied to an interferometer using a harmonically trapped non-degenerate atomic gas that is manipulated with a single set of standing wave laser pulses. The model is used to find the optimal operating conditions of the interferometer and direct Monte-Carlo simulation of the interferometer is used to verify the analytic model.Comment: (23 pages, 5 figures