GNU Health en Efectores de Salud de Camerún: un proyecto colaborativo para mejorar el cuidado de la salud

En este trabajo se describe las distintas etapas del primer proyecto de colaboración internacional entre la Facultad de Ingeniería de la UNER, GNU Solidario y las Organizaciones Españolas que desarrollan actividades humanitarias en África. El proyecto se desarrolló durante el segundo semestre del año 2019 y durante un mes se realizaron actividades en 4 efectores de salud de Camerún donde participaron dos profesionales de Argentina, uno de España y tres de Camerún. Se describen las etapas del proyecto: diagnóstico inicial, planificación de actividades, implementación y evaluación de los resultados obtenidos durante la experiencia. Entre los resultados más relevantes podemos citar el desarrollo de módulos del sistema GNU Health que permiten optimizar la gestión de los efectores, la adecuación de la infraestructura y la formación del equipo local en aspectos técnicos y funcionales. Se describen las actividades de difusión y comunicación desarrolladas antes, durante y en el proceso de evaluación del proyecto. La experiencia permitió consolidar vínculos entre las organizaciones y potenciar las capacidades de todos los participantes, en el proceso de implementación se avanzó en la formalización de los proyectos en cada organización designando responsables para el mantenimiento y actualización del sistema de información GNU Health.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Estrutura da comunidade de Chlorococcales sensu lato (Chlorophyceae) em diferentes hábitats aquáticos e hidroperíodos Structure of the Chlorococcales sensu lato (Chlorophyceae) community in different aquatic habitats and hydroperiods

Este estudo visa avaliar a riqueza, a densidade, a diversidade específica e a distribuição da comunidade de Chlorococcales s.l. em zonas pelágicas e litorâneas de diferentes hábitats aquáticos (lagoas isoladas, lagoas interligadas, banhados, açudes e arroios) em dois hidroperíodos (águas altas e baixas) em região subtropical no sul do Brasil. As amostragens de fitoplâncton foram realizadas em duas áreas, situadas entre as coordenadas 30(0)40´ - 30(0)10´ S e 50(0)30´ - 51(0)31´W no ano de 2003, com a obtenção simultânea de dados de temperatura, condutividade, pH, transparência e profundidade da água. Os resultados revelaram que as médias de riqueza e de diversidade específica foram maiores na zona litorânea e significativamente maiores (p<0,02) nos banhados, em relação aos outros hábitats. As médias de densidade foram também significativamente maiores nos banhados (p<0,03), no período de águas baixas (p<0,04) e em mais altas temperaturas de água (>24°C). Dentre os táxons observados, Desmodesmus heteracanthus (Guerr.) Hentschke et Torgan, D. lunatus (W. et G. S. West) Hegew. e Monoraphidium griffithii (Berk.) Kom-Legn., mostraram-se indicadoras de hábitats e D. armatus (Chod.) Hegew., D. denticulatus (Lagerh.) An, Friedl et Hegew. e D. lunatus foram indicadoras de hidroperíodo. Este estudo demonstra a importância do hábitat e do hidroperíodo, na estrutura da comunidade de Chlorococcales s.l.<br>This study aims to evaluate richness, density specific diversity and distribution of the Chlorococcales s.l. community in pelagic and littoral zones of different aquatic habitats (isolated lagoons, interlinked lagoons, swamps, reservoirs and streams) during two hydroperiods (high and low water) in a subtropical region in Southern Brazil. Phytoplankton sampling was carried out in two areas, situated within the coordinates 30(0)40´ - 30(0)10´ S and 50(0)30´ - 51(0)31´ W, in 2003 with simultaneous information on temperature, conductivity, pH, transparency and depth of water. The results showed that richness and specific diversity averages were higher in the littoral zone and significantly higher (p<0.02) in swamps in contrast to other habitats. Density averages were also significantly higher in swamps (p<0.03), during low water periods (p<0.04) and at warmer water temperatures (>24°C). Among the observed taxa Desmodesmus heteracanthus (Guerr.) Hentschke & Torgan, D. lunatus (W. et G. S. West) Hegew. and Monoraphidium griffithii (Berk.) Kom-Legn. were habitat indicators and D. armatus (Chod.) Hegew., D. denticulatus (Lagerh.) An, Friedl et Hegew. and D. lunatus were hydroperiod indicators. This study shows the importance of habitats and hydroperiods for Chlorococcales s.l. community structure