Gress.Pitnick.AB.data

Raw copula durations for pomace males (m1.cop.dur) and dung males (m2.cop.dur) were recorded in the field, as was ambient temperature (temp1 = temperature during pomace mating, temp2 = temperature during dung mating); Portion of offspring sired by male 1 and 2 (P1 and P2); m1.progeny and m2.progeny represent the absolute number of offspring sired by male 1 and 2 in the subsequent female clutch; male hind tibia length was measured in the lab (m1.ru and m2.ru raw values, m1.htl.mm and m2.htl.mm are divided by 32 to convert to mm); sperm1 and sperm2 are estimates of the number of sperm transferred per ejaculate using known relationships between male htl and sperm transfer rate (0.0018 (htl^3) - 0.003) * 826.8

Adaptation versus pleiotropy: why do males harm their mates?

Recent studies have documented male traits that cause physical harm to their mates during copulation. Such harm has been suggested to either (1) arise as a negative pleiotropic side effect of adaptations that give males a reproductive advantage in another context or (2) represent a male adaptation per se. In other words, male traits that cause harm to their mates may become established despite the fact that they cause harm or because they do so. A critical assumption of the latter hypotheses is that females respond to infliction of harm in a manner that is beneficial to their mates: by reducing their propensity to remate and/or by elevating their current reproductive rate. In the present study, we test this assumption by experimentally inflicting various forms of harm to females immediately after copulation in three different insect species. We reveal that females do not delay remating or increase their reproductive rate after being harmed but, on the contrary, remate sooner and lay fewer eggs in some cases. We conclude that selection for infliction of harm to females per se is unlikely. Instead, available empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that harmful male traits arise as negative pleiotropic side effects of adaptations that yield other selective advantages to males during reproductive competitio

Number of progeny and sperm in storage for D. melanogaster

NA indicates no data. For methods, see Manier, M.K., J.M. Belote, S. Lüpold, K.S. Berben, O. Ala-Honkola, W.F. Collins and S. Pitnick. 2013. Rapid diversification of sperm precedence traits and processes among three sibling Drosophila species. Evolution in press.; Manier, M.K., J.M. Belote, K.S. Berben, D. Novikov, W.T. Stuart and S. Pitnick. 2010. Resolving mechanisms of competitive fertilization success in D. melanogaster. Science 328: 354-357. Variables: N1 – number of progeny sired by the first male to mate. N2 - number of progeny sired by the second male to mate. SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the SR. SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the SR. Sp1 – number of first-male sperm in both spermathecae combined. Sp2 – number of second-male sperm in both spermathecae combined

Archive

all 8 data files compressed

Ultrametric_tree

A nexus file containing a fossil calibrated tree (see article for details) with polytomies randomly resolved in Mesquite

PATHd8_input

Input file for the program PATHd8. Contains details of the fossil calibration

Number of progeny and sperm in storage for D. simulans

NA indicates no data. For methods and analysis, see Manier, M.K., J.M. Belote, S. Lüpold, K.S. Berben, O. Ala-Honkola, W.F. Collins and S. Pitnick. 2013. Rapid diversification of sperm precedence traits and processes among three sibling Drosophila species. Evolution in press.; Manier, M.K., J.M. Belote, K.S. Berben, D. Novikov, W.T. Stuart and S. Pitnick. 2010. Resolving mechanisms of competitive fertilization success in D. melanogaster. Science 328: 354-357. Variables: N1 – number of progeny sired by the first male to mate. N2 - number of progeny sired by the second male to mate. SR1 – number of first-male sperm in the SR. SR2 – number of second-male sperm in the SR. Sp1 – number of first-male sperm in both spermathecae combined. Sp2 – number of second-male sperm in both spermathecae combine

Consensus_tree

A nexus file containing the majority rule consensus tree produced from 40,000 post burn-in trees

Read Me

Contains descriptions of other files in this data set

Table S2

Tab delineated file contains insect family names, species names, presence and type of conjugation, sample sizes, trait means and standard errors. Missing data is coded with na. For a few species, only minimum sperm length were available (determined from sperm bundles or potentially broken sperm) and is indicated with *