Mortality of wheat stem sawfly (<i>Cephus cinctus</i>) from wheat stubble treated with three species of EPNs (<i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i>, <i>Steinernema feltiae</i>, and <i>Steinernema riobrave</i>) combined with different carrier solutions.

<p>Percent mortalities were pooled across EPN species and bars represent average percent mortality (mean ± SEM) for each treatment solution (N = 9). Asterisks indicate significant differences in percent mortality (Dunnett’s test, α = 0.05) compared to controls (H₂O).</p

Mortality of wheat stem sawfly (<i>Cephus cinctus</i>) from field wheat stubble treated with three species of EPNs (<i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i>, <i>Steinernema feltiae</i>, and <i>Steinernema riobrave</i>).

<p>Percent mortalities were pooled across EPN species and bars represent average percent mortality (mean ± SEM) for each species (N = 18). Different letters indicate significant differences in percent mortality (Tukey’s HSD, α = 0.05).</p

Average (mean ± SE) percent mortality (N = 5) of wheat stem sawfly larvae (<i>Cephus cinctus</i>) treated with three species of EPNs (<i>Heterorhabditis indica</i>, <i>Steinernema feltiae</i>, and <i>Steinernema kraussei</i>), 2 days and 3 days after exposure.

<p>Average (mean ± SE) percent mortality (N = 5) of wheat stem sawfly larvae (<i>Cephus cinctus</i>) treated with three species of EPNs (<i>Heterorhabditis indica</i>, <i>Steinernema feltiae</i>, and <i>Steinernema kraussei</i>), 2 days and 3 days after exposure.</p

Number of seconds required for three artificial plugs (avg. length: 4–5 mm; avg. mass: 3.1 mg) to become completely saturated when placed in 5.0 ml of carrier solution.

<p>Recordings were stopped after 300 seconds had elapsed.</p

Adjuvant: product name, manufacturer, main chemical ingredients, and formulation.

<p>Adjuvant: product name, manufacturer, main chemical ingredients, and formulation.</p

Adult Data

File contains data for adult body size, flight metabolic output and Troponin t relative abundances (arc sine Transformed

Larval Growth Data

Larval Growth Dat