2,750 research outputs found
Discussion of: A statistical analysis of multiple temperature proxies: Are reconstructions of surface temperatures over the last 1000 years reliable?
Discussion of "A statistical analysis of multiple temperature proxies: Are
reconstructions of surface temperatures over the last 1000 years reliable?" by
B.B. McShane and A.J. Wyner [arXiv:1104.4002]Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS398F the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Demographic quantification of carbon and nitrogen dynamics associated with root turnover in white clover
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work formed part of Gavin Scottâs PhD at the University of Aberdeen, funded by the Scottish Executive Rural Affairs Department (now the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division). We thank Prof Ian Bingham and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.Peer reviewedPostprin
Playing by white rules of racial equality:student athlete experiences of racism in British university sport
Inequalities related to racial identity are consistently reported across social institutions, not least education, and sport. These inequalities consistently challenge âpost-raceâ narratives that rationalise racism down to individual prejudices and poor decision-making. This paper presents part of the findings from a wider a twelve-month research project commissioned by British University and Colleges Sport (BUCS) to explore race equality. This wider research privileged the voices of non-White students and staff in an exploration of race and equality in British UK university sport. âNon-whiteâ was chosen as a race identifier to focus on Whiteness, the normalised, raceless power that reproduces itself both knowingly and unknowingly, to ensure racial âothersâ remain subordinate. This paper presents the findings of the student voices. In this study a research team of academic and student researchers explored the experiences of 38 students across five universities. Generating case studies from each university, the data was analysed from an Intersectional and Critical Race Theory perspective. Two core themes relating to negotiating Whiteness were developed from the data analysis which reflected experiences of university sport as predominantly White spaces; âPlay by the Rulesâ and âKeep You Guessingâ. Racial abuse was subtle, camouflaged in comments and actions that happened momentarily and hence were implausible to capture and evidence. For incidents to be addressed, evidence had to meet a âbeyond doubtâ standard. Students were required to consciously negotiate racial bias and abuse to ensure they did not provide a justification for abuse. Navigating racialisation and stereotypes, plus White denial, was additional emotional labour for students. This mechanism of silencing the victim served to normalise racism for both the abused and perpetrator. The conclusion explores potential ways of disrupting these mechanisms of Whiteness in placing studentsâ welfare at the heart of university sport
Activation of an Endogenous Retrovirus-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA in Human Adenocarcinoma
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as molecules that significantly impact many cellular processes and have been associated with almost every human cancer. Compared to protein-coding genes, lncRNA genes are often associated with transposable elements, particularly with endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs). ERVs can have potentially deleterious effects on genome structure and function, so these elements are typically silenced in normal somatic tissues, albeit with varying efficiency. The aberrant regulation of ERVs associated with lncRNAs (ERV-lncRNAs), coupled with the diverse range of lncRNA functions, creates significant potential for ERV-lncRNAs to impact cancer biology.
Methods
We used RNA-seq analysis to identify and profile the expression of a novel lncRNA in six large cohorts, including over 7,500 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
Results
We identified the tumor-specific expression of a novel lncRNA that we have named Endogenous retroViral-associated ADenocarcinoma RNA or âEVADRâ, by analyzing RNA-seq data derived from colorectal tumors and matched normal control tissues. Subsequent analysis of TCGA RNA-seq data revealed the striking association of EVADR with adenocarcinomas, which are tumors of glandular origin. Moderate to high levels of EVADR were detected in 25 to 53% of colon, rectal, lung, pancreas and stomach adenocarcinomas (mean = 30 to 144 FPKM), and EVADR expression correlated with decreased patient survival (Cox regression; hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.06 to 2.04, P = 0.02). In tumor sites of non-glandular origin, EVADR expression was detectable at only very low levels and in less than 10% of patients. For EVADR, a MER48 ERV element provides an active promoter to drive its transcription. Genome-wide, MER48 insertions are associated with nine lncRNAs, but none of the MER48-associated lncRNAs other than EVADR were consistently expressed in adenocarcinomas, demonstrating the specific activation of EVADR. The sequence and structure of the EVADR locus is highly conserved among Old World monkeys and apes but not New World monkeys or prosimians, where the MER48 insertion is absent. Conservation of the EVADR locus suggests a functional role for this novel lncRNA in humans and our closest primate relatives.
Conclusions
Our results describe the specific activation of a highly conserved ERV-lncRNA in numerous cancers of glandular origin, a finding with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications
Isospin Fluctuations from a Thermally Equilibrated Hadron Gas
Partition functions, multiplicity distributions, and isospin fluctuations are
calculated for canonical ensembles in which additive quantum numbers as well as
total isospin are strictly conserved. When properly accounting for
Bose-Einstein symmetrization, the multiplicity distributions of neutral pions
in a pion gas are significantly broader as compared to the non-degenerate case.
Inclusion of resonances compensates for this broadening effect. Recursion
relations are derived which allow calculation of exact results with modest
computer time.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) VIII.: Multi-wavelength Identification, Optical/NIR Spectroscopic Properties, and Photometric Redshifts of X-ray Sources
We report the multi-wavelength identification of the X-ray sources found in
the Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) using deep imaging data covering the
wavelength range between the far-UV to the mid-IR. We select a primary
counterpart of each X-ray source by applying the likelihood ratio method to
R-band, 3.6micron, near-UV, and 24micron source catalogs as well as matching
catalogs of AGN candidates selected in 1.4GHz radio and i'-band variability
surveys. Once candidates of Galactic stars, ultra-luminous X-ray sources in a
nearby galaxy, and clusters of galaxies are removed there are 896 AGN
candidates in the sample. We conduct spectroscopic observations of the primary
counterparts with multi-object spectrographs in the optical and NIR; 65\% of
the X-ray AGN candidates are spectroscopically-identified. For the remaining
X-ray AGN candidates, we evaluate their photometric redshift with photometric
data in 15 bands. Utilising the multi-wavelength photometric data of the large
sample of X-ray selected AGNs, we evaluate the stellar masses, M*, of the host
galaxies of the narrow-line AGNs. The distribution of the stellar mass is
remarkably constant from z=0.1 to 4.0. The relation between M* and 2--10 keV
luminosity can be explained with strong cosmological evolution of the
relationship between the black hole mass and M*. We also evaluate the scatter
of the UV-MIR spectral energy distribution (SED) of the X-ray AGNs as a
function of X-ray luminosity and absorption to the nucleus. The scatter is
compared with galaxies which have redshift and stellar mass distribution
matched with the X-ray AGN. The UV-NIR SEDs of obscured X-ray AGNs are similar
to those of the galaxies in the matched sample. In the NIR-MIR range, the
median SEDs of X-ray AGNs are redder, but the scatter of the SEDs of the X-ray
AGN broadly overlaps that of the galaxies in the matched sample.Comment: Accepted for publication in PASJ Subaru special issue. 42 pages, 22
figures. Entire contents of Tables 3, 8, 9, 10, and 11, and ASCII format
tables are available from
http://www.astr.tohoku.ac.jp/~akiyama/SXDS/index.htm
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