Lidar temperature profiling: Performance simulations of Masons method

Several methods of using lasers to measure atmospheric temperature profiles were described. Mason's suggestion was analyzed here to assess its capabilities for various lidar configurations. Temperatures were inferred from a measure of the Boltzmann distribution of rotational states in one of the vibrational bands of O2. Differential absorption was measured using three tunable, narrowband pulsed lasers. The outputs of two were tuned to wavelengths at the centers of absorption lines at either end of a particular branch in the band. The third wave-length was in a region of no absorption; its lidar return measured only the atmospheric backscatter, and therefore allowed calculations of the absorption coefficients at the other two wavelengths as a function of altitude. From the ratio of the two line absorption coefficients plus a priori knowledge of the line parameters, the temperature-altitude profile were calculated

Experimental Schmidt Decomposition and Entanglement Detection

We introduce an experimental procedure for the detection of quantum entanglement of an unknown quantum state with as few measurements as possible. The method requires neither a priori knowledge of the state nor a shared reference frame between the observers. The scheme starts with local measurements, possibly supplemented with suitable filtering, that can be regarded as calibration. Consecutive correlation measurements enable detection of the entanglement of the state. We utilize the fact that the calibration stage essentially establishes the Schmidt decomposition for pure states. Alternatively we develop a decision tree which reveals entanglement within few steps. These methods are illustrated and verified experimentally for various two-qubit entangled states.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, journal versio

Conically scanned holographic lidar telescope

An optical scanning device utilizing a source of optical energy such as laser light backscattered from the earth's atmosphere or transmitted outward as in a lidar, a rotating holographic optical element having an axis of rotation perpendicular to the plane of its substrate, and having a stationary focus which may or may not be located on its axis of rotation, with the holographic optical element diffracting the source of optical energy at an angle to its rotation axis enabling a conical scanning area and a motor for supporting and rotating the rotating holographic optical element, is described

Effects of short-term thinking on investment and implications for macroeconomic policies

In this thesis, after a brief introduction, three papers on the effects of short-term thinking on the economy are presented, where short-term thinking is defined to encompass both short-termistic incentive structures as well as imperfectly forward-looking expectations. The first paper studies the impact of short-termistic incentives for managers of American corporations on their decisions regarding the capital mix of their companies. The second paper presents a New Keynesian model with rigid wages and myopic expectations and assesses the performance of simple monetary policy rules. The final chapter uses a medium-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to study to what extent multipliers of government investment depend, inter alia, on the forward-lookingness of agents' expectations.In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden nach einer kurzen Einleitung drei Aufsätze zu den Effekten kurzfristigen Denkens auf die Ökonomie betrachtet. Unter "kurzfristigem Denken" werden sowohl kurzfristige Anreizsysteme als auch unvollkommen vorausschauende Erwartungen subsumiert. Der erste Aufsatz untersucht die Auswirkungen kurzfristiger Anreizsysteme bei Managern US-amerikanischer Unternehmen auf die Wahl ihres Kapitalstocks. Der zweite Aufsatz beleuchtet im Rahmen eines neukeynesianischen Modells mit Lohnrigiditäten die Stabilisierungseigenschaften unterschiedlicher einfacher geldpolitischer Regeln, wenn Wirtschaftssubjekte myopische Erwartungen aufweisen. Im Rahmen des letzten Aufsatzes wird mittels eines dynamischen stochastischen allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodells untersucht, inwiefern der Ausgabenmultiplikator auf öffentliche Investitionen davon abhängt, wie vorausschauend die Erwartungen der Wirtschaftssubjekte sind