3,626 research outputs found
Anomalous Lattice Response at the Mott Transition in a Quasi-2D Organic Conductor
Discontinuous changes of the lattice parameters at the Mott metal-insulator
transition are detected by high-resolution dilatometry on deuterated crystals
of the layered organic conductor -(BEDT-TTF)Cu[N(CN)]Br.
The uniaxial expansivities uncover a striking and unexpected anisotropy,
notably a zero-effect along the in-plane c-axis along which the electronic
interactions are relatively strong. A huge thermal expansion anomaly is
observed near the end-point of the first-order transition line enabling to
explore the critical behavior with very high sensitivity. The analysis yields
critical fluctuations with an exponent 0.8 0.15
at odds with the novel criticality recently proposed for these materials
[Kagawa \textit{et al.}, Nature \textbf{436}, 534 (2005)]. Our data suggest an
intricate role of the lattice degrees of freedom in the Mott transition for the
present materials.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Tunneling edges at strong disorder
Scattering between edge states that bound one-dimensional domains of opposite
potential or flux is studied, in the presence of strong potential or flux
disorder. A mobility edge is found as a function of disorder and energy, and we
have characterized the extended phase. "paper_FINAL.tex" 439 lines, 20366
characters In the presence of flux and/or potential disorder, the localization
length scales exponentially with the width of the barrier. We discuss
implications for the random-flux problem.Comment: RevTeX, 4 page
Critical level spacing distribution of two-dimensional disordered systems with spin-orbit coupling
The energy level statistics of 2D electrons with spin-orbit scattering are
considered near the disorder induced metal-insulator transition. Using the Ando
model, the nearest-level-spacing distribution is calculated numerically at the
critical point. It is shown that the critical spacing distribution is size
independent and has a Poisson-like decay at large spacings as distinct from the
Gaussian asymptotic form obtained by the random-matrix theory.Comment: 7 pages REVTeX, 2 uuencoded, gzipped figures; J. Phys. Condensed
Matter, in prin
First-principles prediction of a decagonal quasicrystal containing boron
We interpret experimentally known B-Mg-Ru crystals as quasicrystal
approximants. These approximant structures imply a deterministic decoration of
tiles by atoms that can be extended quasiperiodically. Experimentally observed
structural disorder corresponds to phason (tile flip) fluctuations.
First-principles total energy calculations reveal that many distinct tilings
lie close to stability at low temperatures. Transfer matrix calculations based
on these energies suggest a phase transition from a crystalline state at low
temperatures to a high temperature state characterized by tile fluctuations. We
predict BMgRu forms a decagonal quasicrystal that is
metastable at low temperatures and may be thermodynamically stable at high
temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Belowground interactions shift the relative importance of direct and indirect genetic effects
Intraspecific genetic variation can affect decomposition, nutrient cycling, and interactions between plants and their associated belowground communities. However, the effects of genetic variation on ecosystems can also be indirect, meaning that genes in a focal plant may affect ecosystems by altering the phenotype of interacting (i.e., neighboring) individuals. We manipulated genotype identity, species identity, and the possibility of belowground interactions between neighboring Solidago plants. We hypothesized that, because our plants were nitrogen (N) limited, the most important interactions between focal and neighbor plants would occur belowground. More specifically, we hypothesized that the genotypic identity of a plant\u27s neighbor would have a larger effect on belowground biomass than on aboveground biomass, but only when neighboring plants were allowed to interact belowground. We detected species- and genotype-level variation for aboveground biomass and ramet production. We also found that belowground biomass and ramet production depended on the interaction of neighbor genotype identity and the presence or absence of belowground interactions. Additionally, we found that interspecific indirect genetic effects (IIGEs; changes in focal plant traits due to the genotype identity of a heterospecific neighbor) had a greater effect size on belowground biomass than did focal genotype; however, this effect only held in pots that allowed belowground interactions. These results expand the types of natural processes that can be attributed to genotypes by showing that, under certain conditions, a plant\u27s phenotype can be strongly determined by the expression of genes in its neighbor. By showing that IIGEs are dependent upon plants being able to interact belowground, our results also provide a first step for thinking about how genotype-based, belowground interactions influence the evolutionary outcomes of plant-neighbor interactions
Finite-temperature properties of the two-orbital Anderson model
The metallic phase of the two-orbital Anderson lattice is study in the limit
of infinite spatial dimensions, where a second order perturbation treatment is
used to solve the single-site problem. Using this approximation, in the Kondo
regime, we find that the finite temperature properties of the conduction
electrons exhibit the same behaviour as observed in the metallic phase of the
two-channel Kondo lattice. Possible connections between these two models are
discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte
An Agent-Based Model of Collective Emotions in Online Communities
We develop a agent-based framework to model the emergence of collective
emotions, which is applied to online communities. Agents individual emotions
are described by their valence and arousal. Using the concept of Brownian
agents, these variables change according to a stochastic dynamics, which also
considers the feedback from online communication. Agents generate emotional
information, which is stored and distributed in a field modeling the online
medium. This field affects the emotional states of agents in a non-linear
manner. We derive conditions for the emergence of collective emotions,
observable in a bimodal valence distribution. Dependent on a saturated or a
superlinear feedback between the information field and the agent's arousal, we
further identify scenarios where collective emotions only appear once or in a
repeated manner. The analytical results are illustrated by agent-based computer
simulations. Our framework provides testable hypotheses about the emergence of
collective emotions, which can be verified by data from online communities.Comment: European Physical Journal B (in press), version 2 with extended
introduction, clarification
Statistical Mechanics of Canonical-Dissipative Systems and Applications to Swarm Dynamics
We develop the theory of canonical-dissipative systems, based on the
assumption that both the conservative and the dissipative elements of the
dynamics are determined by invariants of motion. In this case, known solutions
for conservative systems can be used for an extension of the dynamics, which
also includes elements such as the take-up/dissipation of energy. This way, a
rather complex dynamics can be mapped to an analytically tractable model, while
still covering important features of non-equilibrium systems. In our paper,
this approach is used to derive a rather general swarm model that considers (a)
the energetic conditions of swarming, i.e. for active motion, (b) interactions
between the particles based on global couplings. We derive analytical
expressions for the non-equilibrium velocity distribution and the mean squared
displacement of the swarm. Further, we investigate the influence of different
global couplings on the overall behavior of the swarm by means of
particle-based computer simulations and compare them with the analytical
estimations.Comment: 14 pages incl. 13 figures. v2: misprints in Eq. (40) corrected, ref.
updated. For related work see also:
http://summa.physik.hu-berlin.de/~frank/active.htm
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