251 research outputs found
Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved
Red meat and processed meat intake is associated with a risk of colorectal cancer, a major cause of death in affluent countries. Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that heme iron present in meat promotes colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of colon cancer reporting heme intake included 566,607 individuals and 4,734 cases of colon cancer. The summary relative risk of colon cancer was 1.18 [95%C.I.: 1.06-1.32] for subjects in the highest category of heme iron intake compared with those in the lowest category. Epidemiological data thus show a suggestive association between dietary heme and risk of colon cancer. The analysis of experimental studies in rats with chemically-induced colon cancer showed that dietary hemoglobin and red meat consistently promote aberrant crypt foci, a putative pre-cancer lesion. The mechanism is not known, but heme iron has a catalytic effect on (i) the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and (ii) the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic aldehydes by lipoperoxidation. A review of evidence supporting these hypotheses suggests that both pathways are involved in heme iron toxicit
Low field vortex matter in YBCO: an atomic beam magnetic resonance study
We report measurements of the low field structure of the magnetic vortex
lattice in an untwinned YBCO single-crystal platelet. Measurements were carried
out using a novel atomic beam magnetic resonance (ABMR) technique. For a 10.7 G
field applied parallel to the c-axis of the sample, we find a triangular
lattice with orientational order extending across the entire sample. We find
the triangular lattice to be weakly distorted by the a-b anisotropy of the
material and measure a distortion factor, f = 1.16. Model-experiment
comparisons determine a penetration depth, lambda_ab = 140 (+-20) nm. The paper
includes the first detailed description of the ABMR technique. We discuss both
technical details of the experiment and the modeling used to interpret the
measurements.Comment: 44 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B Revision includes
Postscript wrapped figures + minor typo
Seventy-five years of breeding dry bean of the western USA
A periodic comparison of cultivars is essential
to assess selection gains, determine deficiencies,
define objectives, and set breeding priorities.
Our objective was to assess the progress,
or lack thereof, achieved in improving yield,
plant type, maturity, and resistance to major
bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases of dry bean
of the western USA from 1918 to 1998. Twenty-five
great northern, pink, pinto, and red cultivars
were evaluated for seed yield at three locations
in Idaho and for anthracnose, Bean common
mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis
virus, common and halo bacterial blights, Fusarium
and Rhizoctonia root rots, Fusarium wilt, and
white mold in Colorado, Idaho, and Washington
between 1999 and 2006. Yield ranged between
2904 kg ha-1 for pinto 'UI 111' to 3921 kg ha- 1
for 'Bill Z', which represents a 35% gain in 54
yr. Yield gain in great northern was 587 kg ha-1 ,
pink 136 kg ha-1 , and red 687 kg ha- 1 . Stability
indices ranged from 0.57 for 'Kodiak' to 1.86 for
'UI 3'. Maturity ranged from 90 d for 'UI 320' to
97 d for 'Frontier'. Seed weight ranged from 28
g for 'Viva' to 41 g for UI 320. An acceptable
degree of resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot was
achieved in most cultivars. All cultivars were
susceptible to anthracnose, common bacterial
blight, and white mold, and all except 'Chase'
to halo blight. Only 'Matterhorn', 'Weihing', and
Kodiak combined an upright Type II growth
habit with resistance to BCMV and rust. An integrated
breeding strategy should be explored for
simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in
future cultivars
The Frequency Dependent Conductivity of Electron Glasses
Results of DC and frequency dependent conductivity in the quantum limit, i.e.
hw > kT, for a broad range of dopant concentrations in nominally uncompensated,
crystalline phosphorous doped silicon and amorphous niobium-silicon alloys are
reported. These materials fall under the general category of disordered
insulating systems, which are referred to as electron glasses. Using microwave
resonant cavities and quasi-optical millimeter wave spectroscopy we are able to
study the frequency dependent response on the insulating side of the
metal-insulator transition. We identify a quantum critical regime, a Fermi
glass regime and a Coulomb glass regime. Our phenomenological results lead to a
phase diagram description, or taxonomy, of the electrodynamic response of
electron glass systems
Full reduction of large finite random Ising systems by RSRG
We describe how to evaluate approximately various physical interesting
quantities in random Ising systems by direct renormalization of a finite
system. The renormalization procedure is used to reduce the number of degrees
of freedom to a number that is small enough, enabling direct summing over the
surviving spins. This procedure can be used to obtain averages of functions of
the surviving spins. We show how to evaluate averages that involve spins that
do not survive the renormalization procedure. We show, for the random field
Ising model, how to obtain the "connected" 2-spin correlation function and the
"disconnected" 2-spin correlation function. Consequently, we show how to obtain
the average susceptibility and the average energy. For an Ising system with
random bonds and random fields we show how to obtain the average specific heat.
We conclude by presenting our numerical results for the average susceptibility
and the "connected" 2-spin correlation function along one of the principal
axes. (We believe this to be the first time, where the full three dimensional
correlation is calculated and not just parameters like Nu or Eta.) The results
for the average susceptibility are used to extract the critical temperature and
critical exponents of the 3D random field Ising system.Comment: 30 pages, 17 figure
Aperiodicity in one-way Markov cycles and repeat times of large earthquakes in faults
A common use of Markov Chains is the simulation of the seismic cycle in a
fault, i.e. as a renewal model for the repetition of its characteristic
earthquakes. This representation is consistent with Reid's elastic rebound
theory. Here it is proved that in {\it any} one-way Markov cycle, the
aperiodicity of the corresponding distribution of cycle lengths is always lower
than one. This fact concurs with observations of large earthquakes in faults
all over the world
Genetic control of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni)
Fusarium wilt incidence and common bean yield according to the preceding crop and the soil tillage system
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preceding crops and tillage systems on the incidence of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield. The cultivar BRS Valente was cultivated under center‑pivot irrigation in the winter seasons of 2003, 2004 and 2005, after several preceding crops established in the summer seasons. Preceding crops included the legumes Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Stylosanthes guianensis, and Crotalaria spectabilis; the grasses Pennisetum glaucum (millet), Sorghum bicolor (forage sorghum), Panicum maximum, and Urochloa brizantha; and a consortium of maize (Zea mays) and U. brizantha (Santa Fé system). Experiments followed a strip‑plot design, with four replicates. Fusarium wilt incidence was higher in the no‑tillage system. Higher disease incidences corresponded to lower bean yields in 2003 and 2004. Previous summer cropping with U. brizantha, U. brizantha + maize consortium, and millet showed the lowest disease incidence. Therefore, the choice of preceding crops must be taken into account for managing Fusarium wilt on irrigated common bean crops in the Brazilian Cerrado
Infrastructure for Detector Research and Development towards the International Linear Collider
The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and
testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear
collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for
institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The
infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation
infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry.Comment: 54 pages, 48 picture
- …