Ologamasus tuberculatus Bizarro & Rode & Schussler & Costa & Ferla 2023, n. sp.

<i>Ologamasus tuberculatus</i> n. sp. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 67840A5D-F09E-4935-8860-B82F9442591F</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Adult females and males, protonymphs and deutonymphs collected on spontaneous plants associated with apple orchards in the municipalities of Antônio Prado (AP) and Muitos Capões (MC) Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as follows: Female holotype, <i>L</i>. <i>multiflorum</i>, AP, March 22, 2021; male paratype, <i>P</i>. <i>australis</i>, MC, May 31, 2021; protonymph paratype, <i>P</i>. <i>australis</i>, AP, April 12, 2021; deutonymph paratype, <i>L</i>. <i>multiflorum</i>, AP June 29, 2021; female paratype, <i>L</i>. <i>multiflorum</i>, AP, March 22, 2021; deutonymph paratype, <i>L</i>. <i>multiflorum</i>, MC, October 24, 2020. All collected by P. de A. Rode. All types are deposited at the Museu de Ciências—Univates (MCN), University of Vale do Taquari—Univates, municipality of Lajeado, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Protonymph.</b> (Figs 18–22) (one specimen measured).</p> <p> <b>Dorsal idiosoma.</b> (Figs 18 and 36) Idiosoma 434 long and 282 wide. Podonotal and opisthonotal shields separate, with three pairs of small plates in between them; podonotal shield 232 long and 213 wide, shield smooth; with <i>j1–j6</i>, <i>z2</i>, <i>z4–z5</i>, <i>s4</i> and <i>s6</i> on the shield; <i>r2</i>, <i>r3</i>, <i>r5</i> and <i>r6</i> on the soft cuticle; five pair of lyrifissures (<i>id1</i>, <i>id4– id6</i>) inside the shield, and <i>id2</i> on the soft cuticle; with a pair of large pores on a small plate on the soft cuticle (<i>gd4</i>) (Fig. 37). Opisthonotal shield 84 long and 125 wide, smooth, with <i>J3–J5</i>, <i>Z3–Z5</i> and <i>S3–S4</i> on the shield; <i>J1–J2</i>, <i>Z1–Z2</i>, <i>S1–S2</i> and <i>R 1</i> on the soft cuticle. With four pair of lyrifissures (<i>idm3–idm4</i> and <i>idx</i>) on the shield, and <i>idm1</i> on the soft cuticle; with a pair of pores (<i>gd9</i>) posteriad to <i>S3</i>. All setae setiform and smooth.</p> <p> <b>Ventral idiosoma.</b> (Fig. 19) Tritosternum 81 in total length; base 46 long. Presternal plates absent; sternal shield 131 long and 89 wide, smooth, containing <i>st1</i>, <i>st2</i> and <i>st3</i> and two pairs of lyrifissures (<i>iv1</i> and <i>iv2</i>). Setae <i>st5</i> on the soft cuticle between legs IV with <i>iv5</i> posteriad to it. Anal shield 64 long and 79 wide, smooth; setae <i>JV1</i>, <i>JV2</i>, <i>JV5</i> and <i>ZV2</i> on soft cuticle; all setae setiform and smooth.</p> <p> <b>Peritreme.</b> Peritreme short, 35 long, reaching posterior region of coxa III.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Leg I 639; leg II 407; leg III 406; leg IV 511 and St IV 110.</p> <p> <b>Gnathosoma.</b> Epistome (Fig. 20) 81 and its base 46, with median extension bifurcated distally, and with a pair of lateral denticles; palp 193 long, with palp genu seta <i>al1</i> rayed (Fig. 21); movable cheliceral digit 73, with three teeth in addition to apical tooth, and fixed digit 76, with seven teeth in addition to apical tooth and setiform pilus dentilis (Fig. 22); corniculi 34. Antiaxial and dorsal lyrifissures as well as dorsal setae distinct. Arthrodial process of chelicera shaped as a coronet-like fringe.</p> <p> <b>Deutonymph.</b> (Figs 23–26) (three specimens measured).</p> <p> <b>Dorsal idiosoma.</b> (Fig. 23) Idiosoma 692 (550–773) long and 455 (390–530) wide. Podonotal and opisthonotal shields divided; podonotal shield 284 (281–304) long and 326 (268–368) wide, with concave anterolateral margin, smooth elsewhere; setae <i>j1–j6</i>, <i>z1–z6</i>, <i>s3</i>, <i>s5</i>, <i>s6</i> and <i>r3</i> on the shield, <i>s2</i>, <i>r2 r4–r6</i> on the soft cuticle; with five pairs of lyrifissures (<i>id1–id2</i>, <i>id4–id6</i>) and two pair of pores (<i>gd1</i> and <i>gd4</i>) (Fig. 38). Opisthonotal shield with 20 pairs of setae, 232 (210–161) long and 285 (268–301) wide, with faint reticulation anterior to <i>J3</i> and smooth elsewhere; with setae <i>J1–J5</i>, <i>Z1–Z5</i> and <i>S2–S5</i> on the shield, and <i>S1</i> and <i>R 1– R 5</i> on soft cuticle; with ten pairs of lyrifissures (<i>idm1–idm6</i>, <i>idx</i>, <i>idl3–idl4</i> and <i>is1</i>), and one pair of large pores (<i>gd9</i>) (Fig. 39). All setae smooth, reaching and exceeding the base of the subsequent setae.</p> <p> <b>Ventral idiosoma.</b> (Fig. 24) Tritosternum 173 (148–183) in total length; base 55 (49–61) long; presternal shield absent; sternal shield 234 (225–247) long and 103 (99–114) wide, with scant anterolateral margins, smooth elsewhere, with setae <i>st1–st4</i> and three pair of lyrifissures (<i>iv1–iv3</i>). Seta <i>st5</i> on soft cuticle and <i>iv5</i> posteriad to coxa IV. With <i>gd6</i> posteriorly in line with stigma. With four transversely alighted platelets anterior and one aside <i>JV1</i>, and a larger beside <i>ZV1</i>. Anal shield 107 (85–118) long and 129 (128–134) wide, rounded and striate; setae <i>JV1–JV3</i>, <i>JV5</i> and <i>ZV1–ZV2</i> on the soft cuticle.</p> <p> <b>Peritreme.</b> 269 (257–282) long. Median part of peritrematic shield with an abutted plate containing <i>ip3</i>, <i>ip4</i> and <i>gp2</i>.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Leg I 799 (791–885), II 517 (516–576), III 501 (489–551) and IV 689 (676–734).</p> <p> <b>Gnathosoma.</b> Epistome (Fig. 25) 100 (91–105); palp 257 (236–275) long, with palp genu seta <i>al1</i> rayed and apotele trifurcate; movable cheliceral digit 95 (93–109), with three teeth in addition to apical tooth, and fixed digit 102 (96–110), with eight small teeth of different size very close to each other, one more developed teeth in addition to apical tooth, and one setiform pilus dentilis (Fig. 26); corniculi 53 (50–58) long. Antiaxial and dorsal lyrifissures as well as dorsal setae distinct. Arthrodial process of chelicera shaped as a coronet-like fringe.</p> <p> <b>Adult female.</b> (Figs 27–31) (two specimens measured)</p> <p> <b>Dorsal idiosoma.</b> (Fig. 27) Idiosoma 781 (764–798) long and 780 (467–493) wide. Podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused, completely covering dorsum of idiosoma and posteriorly fused with posterior margin of ventrianal shield; with slightly concave anterolateral margin, smooth elsewhere, and faint reticulation with tiny shallow pits on opisthosoma. Podonotal region with 21 pairs of setae (<i>s1</i>, <i>s4</i> and <i>r1</i> absent), five pairs of lyrifissures (<i>id1–id2</i>, <i>id4–id6</i>), two pairs of pores (<i>gd4</i> and <i>gd5</i>), of which <i>gd4</i> is larger on a distinct protuberance projected outward (Fig. 40). Opisthonotal region with 20 pairs of setae, ten pairs of lyrifissures (<i>idm1–idm6</i>, <i>idx</i>, <i>idl3–idl4</i> and <i>is1</i>), and one pair of large pores (<i>gd9</i>) (Fig. 41) anteriad to <i>R 4</i>. Measurements of setae provided in Table 2. All setae setiform and smooth.</p> <p>.....Continued on the next page</p> <p> <b>Ventral idiosoma.</b> (Fig. 28) Tritosternum 193 (189–197) in total length; base 68 (66–71) long; inserted between a pair of reticulate presternal platelets. Sternal shield 125 (122–128) long and 200 (187–121) wide, completely reticulated with margins more sclerotised; anterior margin straight and posterior slightly concave; with four pairs of setae (<i>st1–st4</i>) and three pairs of lyrifissures (<i>iv1–iv3</i>). Endopodal plate separate from the sternal shield and exopodal plate divided into four elongated fragments, except the one abutting the peritremal shield posteriorly which is subtriangular and have one lyrifissure on the anterior edge. Discrete metapodal platelets not distinguishable, probably incorporated to posterior end of peritrematic plate. Genital shield 150 (141–158) long and 138 (135–141) wide, with fine longitudinal striae, with setae <i>st5</i> and the pair of lyrifissures <i>iv5</i> posterior to coxa IV; posterior margin truncate, in line with posterior margin of coxa IV. Ventrianal shield 364 (363–363) long and 332 wide, entire imbricate, with tiny shallow pits similar to those of dorsal shield; fused posteriorly with dorsal shield only by a narrow area posterior to anus; with six pairs of setae (<i>JV 1– JV 3</i>, <i>JV5</i> and <i>ZV1–ZV2</i>) in addition to circumanal setae and three pairs of pores.</p> <p> <b>Peritreme.</b> 354 (344–365) long, extending anteriorly to the median region of coxa I (level of seta <i>s2</i>). Peritrematic plate abutting laterally with a subtriangular exopodal subfragment; with two lyrifissures (<i>ip3</i> and <i>ip4</i>) and one pore (<i>gp2</i>) posteriorly. <b>Spermathecal apparatus.</b> Not visible.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Lengths: I: 986 (977–995), II: 641 (621–661), III: 608 (597–618); IV: 859 (832–886). Setae are setiform and smooth. All legs with pretarsi; median section of pulvilli of legs I–IV rounded, with an elongate ambulacral stalk and a pair of prominent claws; coxa I and femur IV with distal pointed projections; trochantera III and IV each with an anterodistal apophysis. Chaetotaxy: I: coxa 0 0/2, 0/0 0, trochanter 1 0/1, 1/2 1, femur 2 5/4 2, genu 2 3/2, 3/1 2, tibia 2 3/2, 3/2 2; II: coxa 0 0/1, 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/3 1, femur 2 3/1, 2/2 1, genu 2 3/1, 2/1 2, tibia 2 2/1, 2/1 2; III: coxa 0 0/1, 0/1 0, trochanter 1 1/1, 0/0 1, femur 1 2/1, 1/0 0, genu 2 2/1, 2/1 1, tibia 2 1/1, 2/1 2; IV: coxa 0 0/1, 0/0 0, trochanter 1 1/2, 0/1 0, femur 2 1/ 0, 1/0 2, genu 2 2/1, 2/1 2, tibia 2 1/1, 3/1 2.</p> <p> <b>Gnathosoma.</b> Epistome (Fig. 29) similar to protonymph and deutonymph, 174 (168–187); movable cheliceral digit (Fig. 30) 117 (113–122), with four teeth in addition to apical tooth, and fixed digit 136 (136–137), with two large teeth separated by a series of 6–9 small teeth next to the setiform pilus dentilis; antiaxial, dorsal lyrifissures and arthrodial process as in deutonymph; palp 290 (283–298) long, with palp genu seta <i>al1</i> rayed and apotele trifurcate (Fig. 31); corniculi 58 (55–60).</p> <p> <b>Adult male.</b> (Figs 32–35) (two specimens measured)</p> <p> <b>Dorsal idiosoma.</b> (Fig. 32) Idiosoma 767 (753–781) long and 495 (457–534) wide. Podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused, completely covering dorsum of idiosoma and extending ventrolaterally, fused with posterior part of ventrianal shield. Podonotal region with 21 pairs of setae (<i>s1</i>, <i>s4</i> and <i>r1</i> absent); five pairs of lyrifissures (<i>id1–id2</i>, <i>id4–id6</i>), two pairs of pores (<i>gd4</i> and <i>gd5</i>), of which <i>gd4</i> is larger on a distinct protuberance projected outward. Opisthonotal region with 20 pairs of setae, ten pairs of lyrifissures (<i>idm1–idm6</i>, <i>idx</i>, <i>idl3–idl4</i> and <i>is1</i>), and one pair of large pores (<i>gd9</i>) anteriad to <i>R 4</i>.</p> <p> <b>Ventral idiosoma.</b> (Fig. 33) Tritosternum 153 (150–156) in total length; base 34 (27–40) long, inserted between a pair of reticulate presternal platelets. Sternogenital shield with longitudinal striae, 260 (256–264) long and 190 (188–191) wide between coxae II and III; with five pairs of setae (<i>st1–st5</i>) and three pairs of lyrifissures (<i>iv1–iv3</i>); posterior margin truncate close to anterior margin of ventrianal shield. Ventrianal shield 369 (363–375) long and 342 (341–344) wide at widest point, fused with peritrematic plate only by a fine strip, anteriorly imbricate and smooth elsewhere with tiny pits as in adult female; <i>iv5</i> on the anterior edge posteriad to coxa IV; with six pairs of setae (<i>JV 1– JV 3</i>, <i>JV5</i> and <i>ZV1–ZV2</i>) in addition to circumanal setae and two pairs of pores. Peritreme extends anteriorly nearly to the median region of coxa I (level of seta <i>s2</i>). Peritrematic plate fused anterolaterally to dorsal shield and posteriorly to ventrianal shield by a fine strip, with two pairs of lyrifissures (<i>ip3</i> and <i>ip4</i>) and one pair of pores (<i>gp2</i>); exopodal plate divided into three elongated fragments.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Leg I 998 (965–1030), II 751 (701–801), III 646 (636–657) and IV 880 (850–909). Femur II large with a saddle-like spur, curved and enlarged distally, with a clubbed-like seta posteriad to it 26 (25–27); genu II with an inner outward projection; tibia with one conical spur (Fig. 34).</p> <p> <b>Gnathosoma.</b> Epistome as in female 142 (141–142); movable digit 102 (99–108) long, without visible teeth, fixed digit 121 (111–131) with a pilus dentilis and three developed teeth and apical tooth, spermodactyl dagger-like 102 (100–103); arthrodial process of chelicera as in female (Fig. 35). Palp 320 (310–330) long, without spur; number of setae on palp (trochanter to tarsus): 2–5–6–14–15; apotele 3–tined; corniculi horn-like 70 (65–75) long.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name <i>tuberculatus</i> is derived from Latin, combining ' <i>tuberculum</i> ' (referring to a protuberance) and the suffix '- <i>atus</i> ' (indicating possession or presence), and refers to the presence of a pore in an atypical protuberance on the dorsal shield.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Following the key proposed by Santos <i>et al</i>. (2015), the new species is close to <i>Ologamasus striolatus</i> (Berlese, 1916) and <i>Ologamasus striolatosimilis</i> Karg, 1976 by having dorsal shield <i>J</i> setae at least as long as distance between their bases and bases of subsequent <i>J</i> setae, ventrianal shield fused with dorsal shield only by a narrow area posterior to anus, ventrianal shield with six pairs of setae and 20 pairs of setae on opisthonotal region (<i>R1–R5</i> present); Despite all those similarities, <i>O</i>. <i>striolatus</i> has the ventrianal shield smooth while in the new species it is imbricate. <i>Ologamasus striolatosimilis</i> also has the ventrianal shield imbricate, however, the new species has a large distinctive pore on a protuberance on the podonotal shield, while this characteristic is absent in <i>O</i>. <i>striolatosimilis</i> and <i>O</i>. <i>striolatus</i>. When compared to the original description by Karg (1976), the new species has a longer idiosoma (798μm) while <i>O</i>. <i>striolatosimilis</i> only up to 600μm. Seta on femur II of <i>O</i>. <i>striolatosimilis</i> male is spine-like, while in the new species it is club-like.</p>Published as part of <i>Bizarro, Gabriel Lima, Rode, Priscila De Andrade, Schussler, Matheus, Costa, Tairis Da- & Ferla, Noeli Juarez, 2023, Two new species of the genus Ologamasus (Ologamasidae) from apple orchards in southern Brazil, pp. 495-514 in Zootaxa 5375 (4)</i> on pages 504-512, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.4.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10203122">http://zenodo.org/record/10203122</a&gt

Acarofauna present in organic strawberry fields and associated weed species in southern Brazil

25 Pags.- 8 Tabls. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.The presence of weeds in the margins of strawberry crops can enhance populations of predatory mites as a measure to support conservation biological control. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the composition of the acarofauna associated with strawberries and the accompanying herbaceous plants in an organic farming system, and (ii) to evaluate the possible relationships between phytophagous and predatory mites occurring in this system. Strawberry leaves and whole plants of weeds were sampled biweekly from August 2014 to February 2015 in Lapa (Paraná, Brazil). In total, 23 weed species belonging to 10 families were identified; 3768 mite individuals (from 15 families and 4 suborders) were recovered, 77% on strawberries and 23% on weeds. Abundance of predatory mites on weeds was greater than on strawberry cultivars. On strawberries, the most abundant family was Tetranychidae (84%) followed by Phytoseiidae (11.6%). In total, 16 predatory mite species from the Phytoseiidae family were identified, 13 of them occurring on strawberry leaflets. Typholodromalus aripo, Neoseiulus californicus and Typhlodromips mangleae were the most abundant mite species on strawberry leaves. On weeds, most individuals were predatory mites (59%), whereas phytophagous mites represented 17.2%. The most abundant family was Phytoseiidae (36.4%). On weeds, the phytoseiid mite T. aripo was the most abundant species, representing 34.7%. Besides being found on strawberry leaflets, T. aripo was associated with 15 weed species. Among the weeds, Bidens pilosa showed the highest values of the Shannon index (1.97), Margalef index (3.04), and Pielou’s evenness index (0.95). This study emphasizes the importance of surrounding weeds as a shelter for beneficial mitefauna in strawberry fields, likely contributing to enhance conservation biological control.No funding was received for conducting this study.Peer reviewe