424 research outputs found
Quantum fluctuations and stability of tetrahedral deformations in atomic nuclei
The possible existence of stable axial octupole and tetrahedral deformations
is investigated in Zr and Zr. HFBCS calculations with parity
projection have been performed for various parametrizations of the Skyrme
energy functional. The correlation and excitation energies of negative parity
states associated with shape fluctuations have been obtained using the
generator coordinate method (GCM). The results indicate that in these nuclei
both the axial octupole and tetrahedral deformations are of dynamic character
and possess similar characteristics. Various Skyrme forces give consistent
results as a function of these two octupole degrees of freedom both at the
mean-field level as well as for configuration mixing calculations.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to IJMP
Real time description of fission
Using the time-dependent superfluid local density approximation, the dynamics
of fission is investigated in real time from just beyond the saddle to fully
separated fragments. Simulations produced in this fully microscopic framework
can help to assess the validity of the current approaches to fission, and to
obtain estimate of fission observables. In this contribution, we concentrate on
general aspects of fission dynamics.Comment: Proceedings of the "15th Varenna Conference on Nuclear Reaction
Mechanisms," Varenna, Italy, June 201
Nuclear Fission: from more phenomenology and adjusted parameters to more fundamental theory and increased predictive power
Two major recent developments in theory and computational resources created
the favorable conditions for achieving a microscopic description of nuclear
fission almost eighty years after its discovery in 1939 by Hahn and Strassmann
(1930). The first major development was in theory, the extension of the
Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) to superfluid fermion systems.
The second development was in computing, the emergence of powerful enough
supercomputers capable of solving the complex systems of equations describing
the time evolution in three dimensions without any restrictions of hundreds of
strongly interacting nucleons. Even though the available nuclear energy density
functionals (NEDFs) are phenomenological still, their accuracy is improving
steadily and the prospects of being able to perform calculations of the nuclear
fission dynamics and to predict many properties of the fission fragments,
otherwise not possible to extract from experiments, are within reach, all
without making recourse anymore to uncontrollable assumptions and simplified
phenomenological models.Comment: 6 pages, account of invited talk given at FUSION17, Hobart, Tasmania,
February 20-24, 201
Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations for nuclei with tetrahedral deformation
Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov solutions corresponding to the tetrahedral
deformation are found in six tetrahedrally doubly-magic nuclei. Values of the
beta32 deformation, depths of the tetrahedral minima, and their energies
relative to the co-existing quadrupole minima are determined for several
versions of the Skyrme force. Reduction of the tetrahedral deformation energies
by pairing correlations is quantitatively analysed. In light nuclei, shallow
tetrahedral minima are found to be the lowest in energy, while in heavy nuclei,
the minima are deeper but appear at a few MeV of excitation.Comment: 6 LaTeX pages, 2 PostScript figures, presented at the XII Nuclear
Physics Workshop, 21-25 September, Kazimierz Dolny, Polan
Microscopically-based energy density functionals for nuclei using the density matrix expansion: Implementation and pre-optimization
In a recent series of papers, Gebremariam, Bogner, and Duguet derived a
microscopically based nuclear energy density functional by applying the Density
Matrix Expansion (DME) to the Hartree-Fock energy obtained from chiral
effective field theory (EFT) two- and three-nucleon interactions. Due to the
structure of the chiral interactions, each coupling in the DME functional is
given as the sum of a coupling constant arising from zero-range contact
interactions and a coupling function of the density arising from the
finite-range pion exchanges. Since the contact contributions have essentially
the same structure as those entering empirical Skyrme functionals, a
microscopically guided Skyrme phenomenology has been suggested in which the
contact terms in the DME functional are released for optimization to
finite-density observables to capture short-range correlation energy
contributions from beyond Hartree-Fock. The present paper is the first attempt
to assess the ability of the newly suggested DME functional, which has a much
richer set of density dependencies than traditional Skyrme functionals, to
generate sensible and stable results for nuclear applications. The results of
the first proof-of-principle calculations are given, and numerous practical
issues related to the implementation of the new functional in existing Skyrme
codes are discussed. Using a restricted singular value decomposition (SVD)
optimization procedure, it is found that the new DME functional gives
numerically stable results and exhibits a small but systematic reduction of our
test function compared to standard Skyrme functionals, thus justifying
its suitability for future global optimizations and large-scale calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure
Fifty-fold improvement in the number of quantum degenerate fermionic atoms
We have produced a quantum degenerate Li-6 Fermi gas with up to 7 x 10^7
atoms, an improvement by a factor of fifty over all previous experiments with
degenerate Fermi gases. This was achieved by sympathetic cooling with bosonic
Na-23 in the F=2, upper hyperfine ground state. We have also achieved
Bose-Einstein condensation of F=2 sodium atoms by direct evaporation
Boson Stars as Gravitational Lenses
We discuss boson stars as possible gravitational lenses and study the lensing
effect by these objects made of scalar particles. The mass and the size of a
boson star may vary from an individual Newtonian object similar to the Sun to
the general relativistic size and mass of a galaxy close to its Schwarzschild
radius. We assume boson stars to be transparent which allows the light to pass
through them though the light is gravitationally deflected. We assume boson
stars of the mass to be on non-cosmological distance from
the observer. We discuss the lens equation for these stars as well as the
details of magnification. We find that there are typically three images of a
star but the deflection angles may vary from arcseconds to even degrees. There
is one tangential critical curve (Einstein ring) and one radial critical curve
for tangential and radial magnification, respectively. Moreover, the deflection
angles for the light passing in the gravitational field of boson stars can be
very large (even of the order of degrees) which reflects the fact they are very
strong relativistic objects. We also propose a suitable formula for the lens
equation for such large deflection angles, and with the reservation that large
deflection angle images are highly demagnified but in the area of the
tangential critical curve, their existence may help in observational detection
of suitable lenses possessing characteristic features of boson stars which
could also serve as a direct evidence for scalar fields in the universe.Comment: accepted by Astrophys. J., 31 pages, AASTeX, 6 figure
Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy of Ultracold Fermions
Radio-frequency techniques were used to study ultracold fermions. We observed
the absence of mean-field "clock" shifts, the dominant source of systematic
error in current atomic clocks based on bosonic atoms. This is a direct
consequence of fermionic antisymmetry. Resonance shifts proportional to
interaction strengths were observed in a three-level system. However, in the
strongly interacting regime, these shifts became very small, reflecting the
quantum unitarity limit and many-body effects. This insight into an interacting
Fermi gas is relevant for the quest to observe superfluidity in this system.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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