Purple Sulfur Bacteria in Anaerobic Treatment Lagoons

Purple or pink colored lagoons, indicating the presence of purple sulfur bacteria, are less likely to be considered an odor nuisance than a more typical non-purple lagoon. The design and management factors that encourage the growth of purple sulfur bacteria are poorly understood. A study of eight purple and non-purple lagoons was initiated during the spring and summer of 1996. The intent of this effort was to identify critical factors that would allow purple lagoons to become a more predictable odor control alternative. A preliminary comparison of design and management factors assumed to be critical suggests more similarities between these two groups of lagoons than differences

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION USING NON-INTRUSIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND GEOSTATISTICS

Prior to the research reported in this paper, a site-specific hydrogeologic investigation was developed for a closed solid waste facility in Eastern Nebraska using phased subsurface characterizations. Based on the findings of this prior investigation, a surface based geoelectric survey using electromagnetic induction to measure subsurface conductivity was implemented to delineate the vertical and horizontal extent of buffed waste and subsurface contamination. This technique proved to be a key non-intrusive, cost-effective element in the refinement of the second phase of the hydrogeologic investigation. Three-dimensional ordinary kriging was used to estimate conductivity values at unsampled locations. These estimates were utilized to prepare a contaminant plume map and a cross section depicting interpreted subsurface features. Pertinent subsurface features were identified by associating a unique range of conductivity values to that of solid waste, saturated and unsaturated soils and possible leachate migrating from the identified disposal areas

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION USING NON-INTRUSIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND GEOSTATISTICS

Prior to the research reported in this paper, a site-specific hydrogeologic investigation was developed for a closed solid waste facility in Eastern Nebraska using phased subsurface characterizations. Based on the findings of this prior investigation, a surface based geoelectric survey using electromagnetic induction to measure subsurface conductivity was implemented to delineate the vertical and horizontal extent of buffed waste and subsurface contamination. This technique proved to be a key non-intrusive, cost-effective element in the refinement of the second phase of the hydrogeologic investigation. Three-dimensional ordinary kriging was used to estimate conductivity values at unsampled locations. These estimates were utilized to prepare a contaminant plume map and a cross section depicting interpreted subsurface features. Pertinent subsurface features were identified by associating a unique range of conductivity values to that of solid waste, saturated and unsaturated soils and possible leachate migrating from the identified disposal areas

Feedlot Surface Conditions and Ammonia Emissions

Moisture and urine were applied to a feedlot surface in a 2x2 factorial design. Forced-air wind tunnels were used to determine differences in the net flux of ammonia (NH3) being volatilized. Surface DM, pH and surface temperature were all analyzed within each treatment to determine effect on NH3 net flux. No effects of urine were detected. There were differences detected due to moisture and moisture*time with the dry plots releasing significantly more NH3

Feedlot Surface Conditions and Ammonia Emissions

Moisture and urine were applied to a feedlot surface in a 2x2 factorial design. Forced-air wind tunnels were used to determine differences in the net flux of ammonia (NH3) being volatilized. Surface DM, pH and surface temperature were all analyzed within each treatment to determine effect on NH3 net flux. No effects of urine were detected. There were differences detected due to moisture and moisture*time with the dry plots releasing significantly more NH3

Downwind Odor Predictions from Four Swine Finishing Barns Using CALPUFF

A collaborative research effort by several institutions is investigating odor emissions from swine production facilities, and the impacts of those emissions on farm neighbours. Trained human receptors were used to measure the downwind odor concentrations from four tunnel ventilated swine barns near Story City, Iowa. Twenty-six measurement events were conducted between June and November 2004 and modeled using a specially coded short time-step version of CALPUFF to predict short time step durations. Source emission measurements and extensive meteorological data were collected along with ambient olfactometry analysis using the Nasal Ranger™ device (St. Croix Sensory, St. Paul MN). Approximately 64% of measured odor generally falls within the range of modeled values. Analysis of measured odor concentration and corresponding meteorology indicate that maximum ambient odor impacts occur with lower ambient temperature during non-turbulent conditions. Analysis of the data set did not yield a strong relationship directly (R2=0.33), but a regression analysis indicated that the modified CALPUFF model yielded a slope or scaling factor of 0.99, indicating overall a good relationship between model and observed. However, when the data is tested with the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient an rs of 0.17 was calculated, indicating a poor rank correlation and was not significant (p=0.05). Statistical analysis is inconclusive as to whether the results have bias, but indicate large error in the results. Given that there were no scaling or peak to mean ratio adjustments to the model predictions, the results are very promising for predicting odors using CALPUFF

EC85-219 1985 Nebraska Swine Report

This 1985 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats

Ewing Sarcoma Protein Ewsr1 Maintains Mitotic Integrity and Proneural Cell Survival in the Zebrafish Embryo

BACKGROUND:The Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 gene (EWSR1), also known as EWS, is fused to a number of different partner genes as a result of chromosomal translocation in diverse sarcomas. Despite the involvement of EWSR1 in these diverse sarcomas, the in vivo function of wild type EWSR1 remains unclear. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We identified two zebrafish EWSR1 orthologues, ewsr1a and ewsr1b, and demonstrate that both genes are expressed maternally, and are expressed ubiquitously throughout zebrafish embryonic development. Morpholino induced knockdown of both zebrafish ewsr1 genes led to mitotic defects with multipolar or otherwise abnormal mitotic spindles starting from the bud stage (10 hour post-fertilization (hpf)). The abnormalities in mitotic spindles were followed by p53-mediated apoptosis in the developing central nervous system (CNS) leading to a reduction in the number of proneural cells, disorganization of neuronal networks, and embryonic lethality by 5 days post-fertilization. siRNA silencing of EWSR1 in Hela cells resulted in mitotic defects accompanied by apoptotic cell death, indicating that the role of EWSR1 is conserved between zebrafish and human. CONCLUSIONS:Ewsr1 maintains mitotic integrity and proneural cell survival in early zebrafish development

Functional selectivity of adenosine receptor ligands

Adenosine receptors are plasma membrane proteins that transduce an extracellular signal into the interior of the cell. Basically every mammalian cell expresses at least one of the four adenosine receptor subtypes. Recent insight in signal transduction cascades teaches us that the current classification of receptor ligands into agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists relies very much on the experimental setup that was used. Upon activation of the receptors by the ubiquitous endogenous ligand adenosine they engage classical G protein-mediated pathways, resulting in production of second messengers and activation of kinases. Besides this well-described G protein-mediated signaling pathway, adenosine receptors activate scaffold proteins such as β-arrestins. Using innovative and sensitive experimental tools, it has been possible to detect ligands that preferentially stimulate the β-arrestin pathway over the G protein-mediated signal transduction route, or vice versa. This phenomenon is referred to as functional selectivity or biased signaling and implies that an antagonist for one pathway may be a full agonist for the other signaling route. Functional selectivity makes it necessary to redefine the functional properties of currently used adenosine receptor ligands and opens possibilities for new and more selective ligands. This review focuses on the current knowledge of functionally selective adenosine receptor ligands and on G protein-independent signaling of adenosine receptors through scaffold proteins

Another Shipment of Six Short-Period Giant Planets from TESS

We present the discovery and characterization of six short-period, transiting giant planets from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) -- TOI-1811 (TIC 376524552), TOI-2025 (TIC 394050135), TOI-2145 (TIC 88992642), TOI-2152 (TIC 395393265), TOI-2154 (TIC 428787891), & TOI-2497 (TIC 97568467). All six planets orbit bright host stars (8.9 <G< 11.8, 7.7 <K< 10.1). Using a combination of time-series photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations from the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP) Working Group, we have determined that the planets are Jovian-sized (R$_{P}$ = 1.00-1.45 R$_{J}$), have masses ranging from 0.92 to 5.35 M$_{J}$, and orbit F, G, and K stars (4753 $<$ T$_{eff}$ $<$ 7360 K). We detect a significant orbital eccentricity for the three longest-period systems in our sample: TOI-2025 b (P = 8.872 days, $e$ = $0.220\pm0.053$), TOI-2145 b (P = 10.261 days, $e$ = $0.182^{+0.039}_{-0.049}$), and TOI-2497 b (P = 10.656 days, $e$ = $0.196^{+0.059}_{-0.053}$). TOI-2145 b and TOI-2497 b both orbit subgiant host stars (3.8 $<$ $\log$ g $<$4.0), but these planets show no sign of inflation despite very high levels of irradiation. The lack of inflation may be explained by the high mass of the planets; $5.35^{+0.32}_{-0.35}$ M$_{\rm J}$ (TOI-2145 b) and $5.21\pm0.52$ M$_{\rm J}$ (TOI-2497 b). These six new discoveries contribute to the larger community effort to use {\it TESS} to create a magnitude-complete, self-consistent sample of giant planets with well-determined parameters for future detailed studies.Comment: 20 Pages, 6 Figures, 8 Tables, Accepted by MNRA