Book Review: IOS Forensic Analysis: For iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch

As Digital Forensics practitioners, we know that our discipline is constantly evolving. Keeping abreast means we need to continually refine and broaden our knowledge pools through experience, education, research, peer exchange, and more. Mobile device forensics can be especially dynamic and challenging. With multiple standards in place at the hardware, operating system, and user interface levels, it can be daunting to preserve, analyze, search and report on these tiny yet ubiquitous hand-held computers. Apple Computer’s line of mobile products (iOS devices - iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch) is no exception to this rule

Book Review: iPhone and IOS Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Apple iPhone, iPad and IOS Devices

These are exciting times for Digital Forensics practitioners. While our examinations of mobile devices (including cell phones and tablet computers) continue to bring new and sometimes hair-pulling challenges into our labs and on-site engagements, research and understanding of these tiny computers is increasing at what seems an exponential rate. This is especially true in the iOS (Apple Computer’s mobile operating system that powers the iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch and Apple TV) space. The diligent work of talented computer scientists in this field allows examiners everywhere to reap the benefits of easier, faster and more effective examinations that yield more accurate and defendable results

Classifying closed 2-orbifolds with Euler characteristics

We determine the extent to which the collection of $\Gamma$-Euler-Satake characteristics classify closed 2-orbifolds. In particular, we show that the closed, connected, effective, orientable 2-orbifolds are classified by the collection of $\Gamma$-Euler-Satake characteristics corresponding to free or free abelian $\Gamma$ and are not classified by those corresponding to any finite collection of finitely generated discrete groups. Similarly, we show that such a classification is not possible for non-orientable 2-orbifolds and any collection of $\Gamma$, nor for noneffective 2-orbifolds. As a corollary, we generate families of orbifolds with the same $\Gamma$-Euler-Satake characteristics in arbitrary dimensions for any finite collection of $\Gamma$; this is used to demonstrate that the $\Gamma$-Euler-Satake characteristics each constitute new invariants of orbifolds.Comment: 17 page

Introduction: Art & Early Childhood - Personal Narratives and Social Practices

In this issue of Bank Street’s Occasional Paper Series, we explore the nature of childhood by offering selections that re/imagine the idea of the child as art maker, inquire about the relationships between children and adults when they are making art, and investigate how physical space influences our approaches to art instruction. We invite readers to join a dialogue that questions long-standing traditions of early childhood art—traditions grounded in a modernist view of children’s art as a romantic expression of inner emotional and/or developmental trajectories. We have also selected essays that create liminal spaces for reflection, dialogue, and critique of the views that have heretofore governed understandings of children and their art

Cyber equipping 4.0 – fe-simulation-based setting instructions for a rotary draw-bending machine

The tool setting process for rotary draw-bending is very complex. Only experienced machine operators know which settings lead to a good result in relation to the bending task. Up to seven individual tools can be installed, positioned and set in the process independently. A complete set of tools consists of: pressure die, mandrel, wiper die, inner and outer clamp die as well as the bend die and the collet or piston bend. [1] Furthermore there are the axis settings, which can be adjusted with the parameters distance, force, angle, torque and time. If a defect occurs after the successful set-up process the machine operator has various possibilities to solve the problem. The effects of the different setting parameters and the procedure for the fastest possible elimination of the error are often unclear. The goal is to be able to use an adjustment support for the setting process by means of physical-analytical principles and systematically constructed FE simulations at the bending machine. In order to evaluate the bending result, the condition of the bending component is examined concerning the quality characteristics, cracking, wrinkling, cross-section deformation and elastic deformation. [2] Based on performed and analyzed FE simulations, adjustment recommendations regarding the respective quality characteristics are to be established as well as predictions about possible defects. The simulation and calculation results flow into a database. This is used for the implementation of an electronic expert, who uses a visualization aid to provide the machine operator with information and recommendations on the setup settings. This avoids errors during the equipping process and saves set-up time. Machine operators and particularly trained employees are guided and supported in their work

Comparison of Ambient Odor Assessment Techniques in a Controlled Environment

This article compares results of using dynamic triangular forced-choice olfactometry (DTFCO), the Mask Scentometer, the Nasal Ranger, and an odor intensity reference scale (OIRS) to assess odors in a controlled-environment chamber in the Iowa State University Air Dispersion Laboratory. The methods were used to assess 13 odor levels in the chamber. Swine manure mixed with water was used to vary the odor levels. DTFCO did not correlate well to the other ambient odor assessment methods. Predicting dilution to threshold (D/T) using intensity ratings compared to using intensity ratings directly degraded the coefficient of determination (Ro2) through zero with the other methods in all cases. Average intensity-predicted D/T, the Mask Scentometer, and the Nasal Ranger correlated well with each other, with strong Ro2 values (greater than 0.85) and regression slopes near 1, and the session means were not found to be significantly different (a = 0.05). Using the geometric means of the device D/T settings, (D/T)G, improved the Ro2 values between the other methods and the Nasal Ranger and Mask Scentometer. Average intensity-predicted D/T values were three to four times higher than Nasal Ranger assessment ((D/T)G and D/T, respectively), and Nasal Ranger (D/T)G was roughly five times higher than Mask Scentometer (D/T)G

Modeling Odor Dispersion From a Swine Facility Using AERMOD

Meteorological conditions, odor emissions, and ambient odor levels at a four-barn, swine finishing facility in Iowa were measured in the summer and fall of 2004. This paper compares ambient odor levels measured using a Nasal Ranger® compared to those predicted by AERMOD, a relatively new air dispersion model. Scaling factors needed to adjust predicted odor levels to those observed ranged from 1.66 to 3.12, depending on the source configuration used by the model. Predicted odors levels from the point source configuration required the smallest scaling factor (1.66) and accounted for the greatest percentage of variability in the data when compared to Nasal Ranger readings

Downwind Odor Predictions from Four Swine Finishing Barns Using CALPUFF

A collaborative research effort by several institutions is investigating odor emissions from swine production facilities, and the impacts of those emissions on farm neighbours. Trained human receptors were used to measure the downwind odor concentrations from four tunnel ventilated swine barns near Story City, Iowa. Twenty-six measurement events were conducted between June and November 2004 and modeled using a specially coded short time-step version of CALPUFF to predict short time step durations. Source emission measurements and extensive meteorological data were collected along with ambient olfactometry analysis using the Nasal Ranger™ device (St. Croix Sensory, St. Paul MN). Approximately 64% of measured odor generally falls within the range of modeled values. Analysis of measured odor concentration and corresponding meteorology indicate that maximum ambient odor impacts occur with lower ambient temperature during non-turbulent conditions. Analysis of the data set did not yield a strong relationship directly (R2=0.33), but a regression analysis indicated that the modified CALPUFF model yielded a slope or scaling factor of 0.99, indicating overall a good relationship between model and observed. However, when the data is tested with the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient an rs of 0.17 was calculated, indicating a poor rank correlation and was not significant (p=0.05). Statistical analysis is inconclusive as to whether the results have bias, but indicate large error in the results. Given that there were no scaling or peak to mean ratio adjustments to the model predictions, the results are very promising for predicting odors using CALPUFF

Ground Truthing CALPUFF and AERMOD for Odor Dispersion from Swine Barns using Ambient Odor Assessment Techniques

A collaborative research effort by several institutions investigated the dispersion of odors from a swine production facility. Trained human receptors measured downwind odor concentrations from four tunnel-ventilated swine finishing barns near Story City, Iowa, during twenty measurement events conducted between June and November 2004. Odor concentrations were modeled for short time steps using CALPUFF and AERMOD atmospheric dispersion models to compare predicted and measured odor levels. Source emission measurements and extensive micrometeorological data were collected along with ambient odor measurements using the Nasal Ranger® device (St. Croix Sensory, St. Paul MN), Mask Scentometer, odor intensity ratings, and air sample analysis by dynamic triangular forced-choice olfactometry (DTFCO). AERMOD predictions fit the odor measurements slightly better than CALPUFF with predicted concentrations being about half those predicted by CALPUFF. The Mask Scentometer and Nasal Ranger® measurements related best to the dispersion model output, and scaling factors of 3.0 for CALPUFF and 2.4 for AERMOD suggested for the Nasal Ranger® and 0.5 for the Mask Scentometer (both models). Measurements obtained using the Nasal Ranger®, Mask Scentometer, and odor intensity ratings correlated well to each other, had the strongest linear relationships, and provided slopes (measured: modeled) closest to 1.0. Converting intensity ratings to a dilution to threshold concentration did not correlate and relate as well, and this method was deemed less desirable for ambient odor assessment. Collection of ambient air samples for analysis in a olfactometry laboratory displayed poor correlations with other methods and should not be used to assess ambient odors