221 research outputs found
Technical Note: VUV photodesorption rates from water ice in the 120-150 K temperature range - significance for Noctilucent Clouds
Laboratory studies have been carried out with the aim to improve our understanding of physicochemical processes which take place at the water ice/air interface initiated by solar irradiation with a wavelength of 121.6 nm. It was intended to mimic the processes of ice particles characteristic of Noctilucent Clouds (NLCs). The experimental set-up used includes a high-vacuum chamber, a gas handling system, a cryostat with temperature controller, an FTIR spectrometer, a vacuum ultraviolet hydrogen lamp, and a microwave generator. We report the first results of measurements of the absolute photodesorption rate (loss of substance due to the escape of photoproducts into gas phase) from thin (20–100 nm) water ice samples kept in the temperature range of 120–150 K. The obtained results show that a flow of photoproducts into the gas phase is considerably lower than presumed in the recent study by Murray and Plane (2005). The experiments indicate that almost all photoproducts remain in the solid phase, and the principal chemical reaction between them is the recombination reaction H + OH → H<sub>2</sub>O which is evidently very fast. This means that direct photolysis of mesospheric ice particles seems to have no significant impact on the gas phase chemistry of the upper mesosphere
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Microstructure of thin-wall ductile iron castings
Step plate castings with section thicknesses of 1.5 mm to 6 mm and individual (single) castings with section thicknesses of 2 mm to 6 mm were produced using a ductile iron chemistry. Microstructures of these thin wall ductal iron castings were characterized quantitatively using an image analyzer. Matrix structure (amount of pearlite, ferrite, and massive carbides) and graphite structure (volume fraction, nodule size, nodule content, and nodularity) were investigated as a function of section thickness. Pearlite content, nodule count, and nodularity increased with decreasing section thickness, whereas the nodule size decreased. Nodule content exceeded 2000 nodules per mm{sup 2} at the thinnest sections. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the effect of casting parameters on the microstructure
Males, but Not Females, Demonstrate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the C26 Model of Cancer Cachexia
Cancer cachexia is characterized by progressive muscle wasting that can lead to symptoms such as anemia, severe weight loss, and fatigue. These symptoms can lead to limitations in activities of daily living and can cause resistance to chemotherapy treatments in cancer patients. There are no current treatments available to treat cancer cachexia and a critical need remains to identify mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Recently, our group identified mitochondrial disfunction precedes muscle atrophy in males but not females in a model of lung cancer induced atrophy. However, it is unknown whether this finding is replicated when studying a different type of cancer. PURPOSE: This study set out to determine if mitochondrial respiration is impaired in the plantaris muscle in a well-established colon cancer model of cachexia. METHODS: The time-course study consisted of male and female mice in four groups per sex: An age-matched control (PBS), and three groups implanted with C26 tumors. Tumor growth for 10-15 days, 20 days, and 25 days. Tumors were implanted bilaterally into the hind flank for a total of 1X106 cells PBS (one-half per each hindflank). The plantaris was weighed for wet mass then teased into small fiber bundles and permeabilized for the quantification of mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction was classified by a decrease in the respiratory control ratio (RCR), which is the ratio of state 3 (maximal ADP stimulated respiration) to state 4 (oligomycin-induced leak respiration). Male and Female data were analyzed separately using a one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The tumor burden increased as the number of days increased. Male RCR showed a mean difference in RCR at the early timepoint (10-15 day, p=0.058) and demonstrated significantly lower RCR at the 20 day timepoint compared to PBS control (20d= 1.170± 0.094, PBS= 2.41 ± 0.13, p=0.031). Interestingly, RCR was not significantly different between male PBS and 25 days (1.864± 0.21, p=0.084). RCR in the plantaris from females was not different among any of the groups (p=0.401). CONCLUSION: Along with our previously published data in a lung cancer model, these data indicate that the mechanisms of muscle atrophy are sex dependent. Specifically, mitochondrial dysfunction appears to play an important role in cancer-induced atrophy in male, but not female, mice
Use of psychodramatic group therapy for inpatients in a child and adolescent psychiatric department
Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 measurements of HCl, HF, CCl₃F₂ using space-, balloon- and ground-based instrument observations
Photoisomerisierungen in Edelgasmatrizen durch selektive Schwingungsanregung mit Infrarotlasern
Ab initio and DFT study of the molecular mechanisms of SO3 and SOCl2 rections with water in the gas phase
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