Ideale Kommunikation, reale Filmproduktion: Zur Interaktion von Kino und dänischer Literatur in den Erfolgsjahren des dänischen Stummfilms 1909–1918

Zwischen 1909 und 1918 wurde das Kino auch in Dänemark zu einer allgegenwärtigen kulturellen Praxis; im gleichen Zeitraum gehörte die dänische Filmindustrie zu den bedeutendsten weltweit. Unter Rückgriff auf eine Vielzahl erstmalig erschlossener Archivalien wird in dieser Studie die damalige Interaktion von Kino und dänischer Literatur untersucht: Was hat die dänische Literatur für das Kino, was das Kino für die Literatur bedeutet? Diskutiert wird im ersten Teilband u. a., wie die literarische Intelligenz versuchte, in Übereinstimmung mit kulturhegemonialen Normen ein ›literarisches Kino‹ zu etablieren, wie sich das Genre Drehbuch herausbildete und wie die literarische Intelligenz konkret als Drehbuchschreiber in der Filmindustrie mitarbeitete. Im zweiten Teilband werden die publizistische Kinodebatte, die Mitwirkung der literarischen Intelligenz bei der Filmzensur sowie die literarischen Diskurse über das Kino analysiert. Im zweiten Teilband werden die publizistische Kinodebatte, die Mitwirkung der literarischen Intelligenz bei der Filmzensur sowie die literarischen Diskurse über das Kino analysiert.Between 1909 and 1918, cinema became a ubiquitous cultural practice in Denmark; during the same period, the Danish film industry was one of the most important in the world. Drawing on a large number of archival documents that have been made accessible for the first time, this study examines the interaction between cinema and Danish literature at that time: What did Danish literature mean for cinema, what did cinema mean for literature? The first volume discusses, among other things, how the literary intelligentsia attempted to establish a ›literary cinema‹ in accordance with cultural hegemonic norms, how the genre of the screenplay emerged and how the literary intelligentsia worked as screenwriters in the film industry. The second volume analyses the cinema debate in the Danish media, the involvement of the literary intelligentsia in film censorship and the literary discourses on cinema

Исследование конформации и электронной структуры N-метилмочевины методом функционала плотности

В настоящей работе методами DFT и HF с использованием пакета программ для квантово-химических расчетов Gaussian проведен конформационный анализ N-метилмочевины в растворе ДМСО. Окружение молекулы учитывалось в рамках модели непрерывной поляризуемой среды PCM. Выполнено исследование стереоэлектронных взаимодействий методом NBO, произведен расчет энергий граничных орбиталей

Morphometric characterisation of wing feathers of the barn owl Tyto alba pratincola and the pigeon Columba livia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Owls are known for their silent flight. Even though there is some information available on the mechanisms that lead to a reduction of noise emission, neither the morphological basis, nor the biological mechanisms of the owl's silent flight are known. Therefore, we have initiated a systematic analysis of wing morphology in both a specialist, the barn owl, and a generalist, the pigeon. This report presents a comparison between the feathers of the barn owl and the pigeon and emphasise the specific characteristics of the owl's feathers on macroscopic and microscopic level. An understanding of the features and mechanisms underlying this silent flight might eventually be employed for aerodynamic purposes and lead to a new wing design in modern aircrafts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A variety of different feathers (six remiges and six coverts), taken from several specimen in either species, were investigated. Quantitative analysis of digital images and scanning electron microscopy were used for a morphometric characterisation. Although both species have comparable body weights, barn owl feathers were in general larger than pigeon feathers. For both species, the depth and the area of the outer vanes of the remiges were typically smaller than those of the inner vanes. This difference was more pronounced in the barn owl than in the pigeon. Owl feathers also had lesser radiates, longer pennula, and were more translucent than pigeon feathers. The two species achieved smooth edges and regular surfaces of the vanes by different construction principles: while the angles of attachment to the rachis and the length of the barbs was nearly constant for the barn owl, these parameters varied in the pigeon. We also present a quantitative description of several characteristic features of barn owl feathers, e.g., the serrations at the leading edge of the wing, the fringes at the edges of each feather, and the velvet-like dorsal surface.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The quantitative description of the feathers and the specific structures of owl feathers can be used as a model for the construction of a biomimetic airplane wing or, in general, as a source for noise-reducing applications on any surfaces subjected to flow fields.</p

Планирование и учет материально-производственных запасов

Раскрытие особенности понятия материальной составляющей деятельности организации сферы услуг. Изучение вопроса учета и документального отражения материальных затрат деятельности организации.Disclosure of the concept of the material component of the organization of services. Study of the issue of accounting and documenting the material costs of the organization

The impact of shift work induced chronic circadian disruption on IL-6 and TNF-α immune responses

Aim: Sleep disturbances induce proinflammatory immune responses, which might increase cardiovascular disease risk. So far the effects of acute sleep deprivation and chronic sleep illnesses on the immune system have been investigated. The particular impact of shift work induced chronic circadian disruption on specific immune responses has not been addressed so far. Methods: Pittsburgh-Sleep-Quality-Index (PSQI) questionnaire and blood sampling was performed by 225 shift workers and 137 daytime workers. As possible markers the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha and lymphocyte cell count were investigated. A medical examination was performed and biometrical data including age, gender, height, weight, waist and hip circumference and smoking habits were collected by a structured interview. Results: Shift workers had a significantly higher mean PSQI score than day workers (6.73 vs. 4.66; p < 0.001). Day workers and shift workers had similar serum levels of IL-6 (2.30 vs. 2.67 resp.; p = 0.276), TNF-alpha (5.58 vs. 5.68, resp.; p = 0.841) or lymphocytes count (33.68 vs. 32.99, resp.; p = 0.404). Furthermore there were no differences in cytokine levels (IL-6 p = 0.761; TNF-alpha p = 0.759) or lymphocyte count (p = 0.593) comparing the sleep quality within the cohorts. When this calculation of sleep quality was stratified by shift and day workers irrespective of their sleep quality day workers and shift workers had similar serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha or lymphocytes count. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation of lymphocytes count and smoking habits. Conclusion: Shift work induces chronic sleep debt. Our data reveals that chronic sleep debt might not always lead to an activation of the immune system, as we did not observe differences in lymphocyte count or level of IL-6 or TNF-alpha serum concentration between shift workers and day workers. Therefore chronic sleep restriction might be eased by a long-term compensating immune regulation which (in healthy) protects against an overstimulation of proinflammatory immune mechanisms and moderates metabolic changes, as they are known from short-term sleep deprivation or sleep related breathing disorders