Municipalização da vigilância epidemiológica: uma proposta em construção

Neste artigo serão apresentados aspectos do processo de municipalização das atividades de vigilância epidemiológica no Estado de São Paulo, os entraves que o Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica têm na sua estrutura que dificultam a efetiva inclusão destas atividades pelos Municípios e quais as perspectivas existentes para sua superação

Clinical and epidemiological features of AIDS/tuberculosis comorbidity

Frente à importância da comorbidade AIDS/tuberculose no mundo e especialmente no Brasil, este estudo foi realizado para descrever os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos dos casos de comorbidade notificados pelo Serviço de Epidemiologia do Hospital das Clínicas of the Universidade de São Paulo identificados de 1989 à 1997. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados bancos de dados contendo informações de todos os casos notificados de AIDS/tuberculose assistidos pelo hospital. RESULTADOS: Durante o período estudado, foram identificados 559 pacientes com a comorbidade. Os fatores de risco para AIDS incluiam principalmente contato heterossexual (38,9%), seguido por uso de drogas endovenosas (29,3%), e contato homossexual/bissexual (23,2%). Quanto aos aspectos clínicos, houve maiores índices de tuberculose extrapulmonar em comparação com tuberculose isoladamente. As unidades ambulatoriais mostraram aumento das notificações de AIDS durante o período. A descrição epidemiológica mostrou um declínio na relação masculino/feminino, predomínio do acometimento da faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos e de indivíduos com escolaridade menor que 8 anos de estudo, com baixa qualificação profissional. CONCLUSÃO: As altas taxas de casos de comorbidade AIDS/tuberculose indicam a necessidade de melhor atendimento desses pacientes, objetivando a detecção precoce da comorbidade. Tendo em vista as más condições sócio-econômicas da maioria da população deste hospital, uma melhor atenção visa ao aumento da aderência ao tratamento, e por consequência, menores custos sociais.Considering the relevance of AIDS/tuberculosis comorbidity worldwide, especially in Brazil, this study was developed to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of the comorbid cases identified from 1989 to 1997 by the epidemiology service of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: Databases containing information on all identified AIDS/tuberculosis cases cared for at the hospital were used to gather information on comorbid cases. RESULTS: During the period, 559 patients were identified as presenting with AIDS/tuberculosis comorbidity. Risk behavior for AIDS was primarily heterosexual contact (38.9%), followed by intravenous drug use (29.3%) and homosexual/bisexual contact (23.2%). Regarding clinical features, there were higher rates of extrapulmonary tuberculosis when compared to tuberculosis without comorbidity. There was an increase in reporting of AIDS by ambulatory units during the period. Epidemiologically, there was a decrease in the male/female ratio, a predominance in the 20 to 39 year-old age group, and a majority of individuals who had less than 8 years of schooling and had low professional qualifications. CONCLUSIONS: High rates of AIDS/tuberculosis cases at our hospital indicate the need for better attention towards early detection of tuberculosis, especially in its extrapulmonary form. Since the population that attends this hospital tends to be of a lower socioeconomic status, better management of AIDS and tuberculosis is required to increase the rates of treatment adherence and thus lower the social costs

Guidelines on Management of Human Infection with the Novel Virus Influenza A (H1N1) – A Report from the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo

The pandemic novel influenza A (H1N1) infection was considered widespread in Brazil on July, 2009. Since then, 9.249 cases were confirmed in Brazil, most of them concentrated in São Paulo. The Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo is a reference center for H1N1 cases in São Paulo. The purpose of this review is to analyze the evidence concerning diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection. In addition, we propose guidelines for the management of this pandemic emphasizing Hospital das Clínicas “bundles” for the control of the pandemic novel influenza A (H1N1)

Epidemiology of Human Infection with the Novel Virus Influenza A (H1H1) in the Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil – June–September 2009

The pandemic novel influenza A (H1N1) infection was considered widespread in Brazil on July 16, 2009. Since then, 46,810 cases of acute respiratory syndrome have been reported in Brazil, most of them concentrated in São Paulo. Through September 16, we have confirmed 9,249 cases of novel influenza A H1N1in Brazil, including 699 deaths. The mortality rate observed in Brazil is 0.47/100,000 inhabitants and varies according to region. In this period, São Paulo registered 3733 cases (40.3% of the total) of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection and 327 deaths, reflecting a mortality rate of 0.79/100,000 inhabitants