A Design for a Psycho-social Support System Potentially Applicable to the Local Pastor of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in North America Based Upon an Evaluation of the Needs

This project attempts to evaluate the needs of local pastors of the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church in North America in the area of career adjustment and personal satisfaction and to design a psycho-social support system potentially applicable to their situation. The literature reviewed indicates that ministers, like other people, are subject to transitions of adult development, stress and crises, and personal characteristics tending to make one vulnerable. The career of ministry subjects a person to role conflicts, pastoral pedestals, family strains, church conflicts, personal issues, denominational pressures, and burn-out. The concept of a psychosocial support system, however, seems to promise an effective way of coping with these circumstances. The concept of support is justified theologically in light of the doctrine of man, the nature and work of ministry, and the means by which God helps people on earth. A random sample survey of SDA ministers in North America indicates that 50 percent of the ministers seem to have a positive attitude, many healthy relationships, and an adequate support system, while 25 percent are ambivalent about the quality of support they experience. Another 25 percent report absence of support and unpleasant experiences in their personal and work relationships. However, 50 to 75 percent, depending on the type of resource, indicate great interest in improving their support system. Greater interest in support resources is correlated with younger age groups. Most desired resources listed in descending order are: peer fellowship and consultation, continuing education, pastors\u27 pastor, congregational relationships. Apparently there is both a need and an interest in improved support systems by SDA pastors. Existing support resources from the business world, independent agencies, non-SDA denominations, and SDA conferences that could apply to ministers, e .g ., career development centers, counseling services, continuing education programs, support groups, and other personal growth resources, are described. Support resources that could contribute to an adequate support system in the SDA Church in North America are: personal resources (spiritual strength, self-counseling, problem-solving, etc .), family resources, training resources (seminary, mentor, continuing education, sabbatical), colleague resources (friendship, consultation, support groups, team ministries), professional resources (pastor\u27s pastor, professional counseling, career development centers), congregational resources, and conference administrative resources

Phase-matched extreme-ultraviolet frequency-comb generation

Laser-driven high-order harmonic generation (HHG) provides tabletop sources of broadband extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) light with excellent spatial and temporal coherence. These sources are typically operated at low repetition rates, $f_{rep}\lesssim$100 kHz, where phase-matched frequency conversion into the XUV is readily achieved. However, there are many applications that demand the improved counting statistics or frequency-comb precision afforded by operation at high repetition rates, $f_{rep}$ > 10 MHz. Unfortunately, at such high $f_{rep}$, phase matching is prevented by the accumulated steady-state plasma in the generation volume, setting stringent limitations on the XUV average power. Here, we use gas mixtures at high temperatures as the generation medium to increase the translational velocity of the gas, thereby reducing the steady-state plasma in the laser focus. This allows phase-matched XUV emission inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity at a repetition rate of 77 MHz, enabling a record generated power of $\sim$2 mW in a single harmonic order. This power scaling opens up many demanding applications, including XUV frequency-comb spectroscopy of few-electron atoms and ions for precision tests of fundamental physical laws and constants.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Attosecond pulse shaping around a Cooper minimum

High harmonic generation (HHG) is used to measure the spectral phase of the recombination dipole matrix element (RDM) in argon over a broad frequency range that includes the 3p Cooper minimum (CM). The measured RDM phase agrees well with predictions based on the scattering phases and amplitudes of the interfering s- and d-channel contributions to the complementary photoionization process. The reconstructed attosecond bursts that underlie the HHG process show that the derivative of the RDM spectral phase, the group delay, does not have a straight-forward interpretation as an emission time, in contrast to the usual attochirp group delay. Instead, the rapid RDM phase variation caused by the CM reshapes the attosecond bursts.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Noncollinear enhancement cavity for record-high out-coupling efficiency of an extreme-UV frequency comb

We demonstrate a femtosecond enhancement cavity with a crossed-beam geometry for efficient generation and extraction of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) frequency combs at a 154 MHz repetition rate. We achieve a record-high out-coupled power of 600 {\mu}W, directly usable for spectroscopy, at a wavelength of 97 nm. This corresponds to a >60% out-coupling efficiency. The XUV power scaling and generation efficiency are similar to that achieved with a single Gaussian-mode fundamental beam inside a collinear enhancement cavity. The noncollinear geometry also opens the door for the generation of isolated attosecond pulses at >100 MHz repetition rate.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure