Krefelderski test - novi eksperimentalni postupak za proučavanje toksičnosti kemikalija

During the last years, skin compatibility of textiles has gained importance for consumers. Therefore, the development of suitable test methods for the evaluation of skin compatibility is a vital challenge. The fundamental requirements for these test methods are low experimental complexity combined with minor costs. The Cilitatetest has been developed for the cosmetic and pharmaceutics industry. Due to the optical measurement of the number of living microorganisms, this method is not suitable for colored or heterogeneous samples. However, using a calorimetric detection, these problems are resolved. This method allows very sensitive detection of the metabolism of the microorganism. The presence of any toxic substance results in a reduction of the heat of metabolism.Kompatibilnost tekstila prema koži postajala je tijekom posljednjih godina sve važnija potrošačima. Zato je razvoj prikladnih postupaka ispitivanja za prosudbu kompatibilnosti s kožom primjeran izazov. Osnovni zahtjev postavljen za ove postupke ispitivanja jest eksperimentalna jednostavnost povezana s nižim troškovima. Ispitivanje trepetljikašima razvijeno je za kozmetičku i farmaceutsku industriju. Zbog optičkog mjerenja broja živih mikroorganizama taj postupak nije prikladan za obojene ili heterogene uzorke. Međutim, ti problemi su riješeni primjenom kalorimetijskog otkrivanja. Taj postupak otkrivanja omogućuje vrlo osjetljivo prepoznavanje metabolizma mikroorganizama. Postojanje bilo koje otrovne tvari znači smanjenje topline metabolizm

On the testability of coarsening assumptions: a hypothesis test for subgroup independence

Since coarse(ned) data naturally induce set-valued estimators, analysts often assume coarsening at random (CAR) to force them to be single-valued. Focusing on a coarse categorical response variable and a precisely observed categorical covariate, we re-illustrate the impossibility to test CAR and contrast it to another type of coarsening called subgroup independence (SI), using the data of the German Panel Study ``Labour Market and Social Security'' as an example. It turns out that -- depending on the number of subgroups and categories of the response variable -- SI can be point-identifying as CAR, but testable unlike CAR. A main goal of this paper is the construction of the likelihood-ratio test for SI. All issues are similarly investigated for the here proposed generalized versions, gCAR and gSI, thus allowing a more flexible application of this hypothesis test

Modeling of electrons and photons beams of linear (planar) accelerator Elekta Synergy in modelling system PLUNC

The article presents the experience of creating a model of beam in the non-commercial 3D Plan-UNC radiation treatment planning system (PLUNC). The results of dosimetry for electron and photon beams of the Elekta Synergy linear accelerator are presented

Some Factors Influencing Ante-Mortem Changes in Muscle: A Brief Review

Ante-mortem changes to muscle microstructure are influenced in many ways. During pre-natal cell differentiation and growth , myoblasts develop and mature into cells with quite different characteristics. Incorporated into the genome of these cells is the ability to synthesize a wide variety of filaments which occupy specific niches within each myofibril. During post-natal development , depending upon the particular precursor cell lines, different fiber types are produced. These are especially important in contributing to the ultimate palatability of meat. In this paper several factors which influence ante-mortem changes to muscle microstructure are discussed. While some of these are better understood than others, all of them , nevertheless, are importan

Extractability and Intracellular Localisation of Urea Cycle Enzym es from Rat Liver

Peer Reviewe

catena-Poly[[(18-crown-6-κ6 O)potassium]-μ-chlorido-[(1H-benzotriazol-1-ol-κN 3)chloridoplatinum(II)]-μ-(benzotriazol-1-olato-κ2 N 3:O)]

In the structure of the title compound, [KPt(C6H4N3O)Cl2(C6H5N3O)(C12H24O6)], the PtII atom is in a distorted square-planar geometry. The crystal structure is consolidated by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The measured crystal was a non-merohedral twin with four components

1-Mesitylmethyl-1Hbenzotriazole 3-oxide

In the title compound, C16H17N3O, the benzotriazole ring forms a dihedral angle of 77.25 (6)° with the phenyl ring. The benzotriazole ring is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.012 (19) Å. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 2(10) motifs. The crystal packing is consolidated by π—π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.5994 (12) Å together with very weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Nonlinear vertical oscillations of a particle in a sheath of a rf discharge

A new simple method to measure the spatial distribution of the electric field in the plasma sheath is proposed. The method is based on the experimental investigation of vertical oscillations of a single particle in the sheath of a low-pressure radio-frequency discharge. It is shown that the oscillations become strongly nonlinear and secondary harmonics are generated as the amplitude increases. The theory of anharmonic oscillations provides a good qualitative description of the data and gives estimates for the first two anharmonic terms in an expansion of the sheath potential around the particle equilibrium.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Tetra­aqua­bis[3-(2-pyridylsulfan­yl)propionato N-oxide]nickel(II)

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Ni(C8H8NO3S)2(H2O)4], the NiII ion, which lies on an inversion centre, is six coordinated by four water mol­ecules and two propionate O atoms from two 2-pyridylsulfanylpropionate N-oxide ligands, forming a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the mol­ecular conformation. The crystal packing is consolidated by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

2-(2,3,5,6-Tetra­methyl­benzyl­sulfan­yl)pyridine N-oxide

In the title compound, C16H19NOS, the durene ring and the oxopyridyl ring form a dihedral angle of 82.26 (7)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, weak C—H⋯π inter­actions and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance of 3.4432 (19) Å], together with intra­molecular S⋯O [2.657 (2) Å] short contacts