Effect of Prepartum Intramammary Treatment with Pirlimycin Hydrochloride on Prevalence of Early First-Lactation Mastitis

Holstein-Friesian heifers (n = 178) from a central Iowa dairy farm were enrolled in a study to determine whether prepartum intramammary treatment of dairy heifers with pirlimycin hydrochloride would reduce the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) and lower the somatic cell count (SCC) during early lactation or improve 305-day mature equivalent milk production. Heifers were assigned to treatment and control groups, and treated heifers received a single 50-mg dose of pirlimycin in each mammary quarter approximately 10 days prior to parturition. Treated heifers had a higher overall cure rate and cure rate for IMI caused by coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), but postpartum California mastitis test scores and prevalence of chronic IMI did not differ between groups. Mature equivalent 305-day milk production did not differ between treatment groups (trend for higher production when treated, p = 0.085). No pirlimycin residues were detected in postpartum milk samples

Split Udder Comparison of Teat Disinfectants on Skin Toleration During Winter and Spring

The purpose this trial was to evaluate the skin toleration of a new experimental acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) barrier teat disinfectant compared to a standard nonbarrier chlorhexidine product with emollients (winter) and a high emollient, iodine barrier (spring) using a split-udder study to focus on the disinfectant effects as well as barrier teat dip issues in winter. Teat skin and end scores were similar between dips as long as the experimental dip was removed with good udder preparation prior to milking. Failure to remove the barrier dip resulted in poorer teat skin and end scores. This points out the necessity for good proper udder preparation premilking when barrier dips are used post milking

Evaluation of a Novel Winter Teat Dip Compared to Commercially Available Winter Dips to Enhance Teat Integrity during Winter

Winter conditions can lead to rapid dehydration and cracking of teat tissue, thus increasing mastitis risks. The objectives of these three winter trials were to compare application of a new novel commercial winter teat dip (1% iodine, 50% glycerine) to three existing commercially available winter teat dips and best management winter milking practices. Overall results for the 3 trials showed similar teat skin and end conditions (except teat skin in trial 5) for the 1% iodine, 50% glycerine dip as compared to 3 commercial winter teat dips. There were significant improvements in teat skin and end conditions over time for all dips, primarily related to weather and increasing temperatures. There were also significant differences in teat skin and end across days within barn with the same dip. Although dips can affect teat health, these figures substantiate that animal stage of lactation, barn or facilities, and environmental exposure (temperature / time exposure) have tremendous bearing on dip effects. None of the treatments were effective in completely alleviating teat end changes due to weather

Meeting report of Ctenopalooza : the first international meeting of ctenophorologists

© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in EvoDevo 7 (2016): 19, doi:10.1186/s13227-016-0057-3Here we present a report on Ctenopalooza: A meeting of ctenophorologists held at the Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience in St. Augustine, FL, USA, on March 14–15, 2016. In this report, we provide a summary of each of the sessions that occurred during this two-day meeting, which touched on most of the relevant areas of ctenophore biology. The report includes some major themes regarding the future of ctenophore research that emerged during Ctenopalooza. More information can be found at the meeting Web site: http://ctenopalooza.whitney.ufl.edu.Ctenopalooza was sponsored by a grant from the National Science Foundation’s Division of Integrative Organismal Systems to Joseph Ryan (#1619712). We also acknowledge funding was provided by a grant from the University of Florida’s Office of Research to Joseph Ryan (Project #00075235). Additional funding was provided by The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience

A new qualitative typology to classify treading water movement patterns

This study proposes a new qualitative typology that can be used to classify learners treading water into different skill-based categories. To establish the typology, 38 participants were videotaped while treading water and their movement patterns were qualitatively analyzed by two experienced biomechanists. 13 sport science students were then asked to classify eight of the original participants after watching a brief tutorial video about how to use the typology. To examine intra-rater consistency, each participant was presented in a random order three times. Generalizability (G) and Decision (D) studies were performed to estimate the importance variance due to rater, occasion, video and the interactions between them, and to determine the reliability of the raters’ answers. A typology of five general classes of coordination was defined amongst the original 38 participants. The G-study showed an accurate and reliable assessment of different pattern type, with a percentage of correct classification of 80.1%, an overall Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient K = 0.6, and an overall generalizability φ coefficient of 0.99. This study showed that the new typology proposed to characterize the behaviour of individuals treading water was both accurate and highly reliable. Movement pattern classification using the typology might help practitioners distinguish between different skill-based behaviours and potentially guide instruction of key aquatic survival skills

Caracterização de amido de pinhão modificado com soluções de ácido clorídrico 0,1 e 0,2M em presença de etanol e metanol.

O amido de pinhão possui propriedades interessantes, porém pouco foi estudado até o momento. Proveniente do Sul do Brasil, a semente da Araucária angustifolia serve de alimento para diversas culturas da região. Os amidos nativos de diversas fontes botânicas possuem características de interesse industrial, porém algumas só são adquiridas ou melhoradas mediante a aplicação de agentes que modifiquem as estruturas originais dos grânulos, como ácidos e oxidantes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar propriedades do amido de pinhão nativo e este modificado, utilizando ácido clorídrico 0,1M e 0,2M, em meio etanólico e metanólico. Pelas curvas DSC foi possível determinar as temperaturas ?onset?, de pico e de conclusão do processo de gelatinização das amostras, além de se determinar a entalpia envolvida no processo. Pelas imagens NC-AFM pode-se medir o tamanho dos grânulos dos amidos e a rugosidade dos mesmos antes e após as modificações. Por meio da técnica TG-DTG, foi possível observar um perfil de perda de massa semelhante para todas as amostras, com 3 etapas definidas, sendo a 1ª referente à desidratação da amostra e a 2ª e 3ª referente à decomposição da matéria orgânica à cinzas. Através da análise de propriedade de pasta (RVA) se observou o perfil reológico das amostras, podendo determinar temperatura de pico, viscosidade final e retrogradação.CBRATEC

Análise térmica de diferentes amostras de amido de pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia) de diferentes regiões do sul do Brasil.

As sementes da Araucaria angustifolia, no Brasil conhecidas como ?pinhão? e são uma boa uma fonte de carboidratos complexos (100 gramas de semente contêm 36% de amido). Nesse estudo três amostras de pinhão, obtidas de diferentes regiões foram estudadas. As técnicas termoanalíticas DSC (em diferentes concentrações de água) e MEV foram usadas para caracterizar as amostras.Edição dos Anais do 7º Simpósio de Análise Térmica, 2015, Bauru

No effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on metacognition in Parkinson’s disease

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is a powerful treatment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which provides a positive effect on motor symptoms although the way it operates on high cognitive processes such as metacognition remains unclear. To address this issue, we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) of PD patients treated with STN-DBS that performed a reversal learning (RL) paradigm endowed with metacognitive self-assessment. We considered two stimulation conditions, namely DBS-ON (stimulation on) and DBS-OFF (stimulation off), and focused our EEG-analysis on the frontal brain region due to its involvement on high cognitive processes. We found a trend towards a significant difference in RL ability between stimulation conditions. STN-DBS showed no effect on metacognition, although a significant association between accuracy and decision confidence level held for DBS OFF, but not in the case of DBS ON. In summary, our study revealed no significant effect of STN-DBS on RL or metacognition

How greater mouse-eared bats deal with ambiguous echoic scenes

Echolocating bats have to assign the received echoes to the correct call that generated them. Failing to do so will result in the perception of virtual targets that are positioned where there is no actual target. The assignment of echoes to the emitted calls can be ambiguous especially if the pulse intervals between calls are short and kept constant. Here, we present first evidence that greater mouse-eared bats deal with ambiguity by changing the pulse interval more often, in particular by reducing the number of calls in the terminal group before landing. This strategy separates virtual targets from real ones according to their change in position. Real targets will always remain in a constant position, and virtual targets will jitter back and forth according to the change in the time interval